Table 5.
Characteristics of included infants and their parents after 3 years of recruitment, separately for all study participants and for respondents at 1-year follow-up
| Participants at baseline (N = 2492) | Respondents at 1-year follow-up (N = 784)b | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infants | ||||
| Sex (female) N (%) | 2492 | 1223 (49.1) | 784 | 393 (50.1) |
| Weight at birth (g) M (SD) | 2479 | 3352 (507) | 776 | 3343 (503) |
| Length at birth (cm) M (SD) | 2481 | 51 (2.6) | 777 | 51.4 (2.6) |
| Duration of pregnancy (weeks) M (SD) | 2465 | 39.5 (1.6) | 774 | 39.6 (1.6) |
| One or more older siblings N (%) | 2475 | 1091 (44.0) | 775 | 304 (39.2) |
| Mothers | ||||
| Maternal age (years) M (SD) | 2462 | 33.9 (4.6) | 773 | 34.8 (4.2) |
| Maternal marital status | 2447 | 766 | ||
| Married, living together with husband N (%) | 1919 (78.4) | 616 (80.4) | ||
| Unmarried, living together with partner (%) | 468 (19.1) | 136 (17.8) | ||
| Unmarried, without partner N (%) | 32 (1.3) | 8 (1.0) | ||
| Divorced N (%) | 26 (1.1) | 6 (0.8) | ||
| Widowed N (%) | 2 (0.1) | 0 | ||
| Maternal education | 2437 | 766 | ||
| School leaving certificate after less than 10 years of schooling N (%) | 254 (10.4) | 54 (7.0) | ||
| School leaving certificate after 10 years of schooling N (%) | 778 (31.9) | 272 (35.5) | ||
| University entrance level N (%) | 1369 (56.2) | 498 (65.0) | ||
| Other school leaving certificate N (%) | 16 (0.7) | 1 (0.1) | ||
| No school leaving certificate N (%) | 20 (0.8) | 4 (0.5) | ||
| Maternal employment before birth | 2426 | 760 | ||
| Full-time employed N (%) | 1315 (54.2) | 466 (61.3) | ||
| Part-time employed N (%) | 649 (26.8) | 193 (25.4) | ||
| Marginally/not regularly employed N (%) | 82 (3.4) | 18 (2.4) | ||
| Maternal leave, housewife N (%) | 243 (10.0) | 56 (7.4) | ||
| Pupil, student N (%) | 37 (1.5) | 16 (2.1) | ||
| Seeking for employment N (%) | 21 (0.9) | 2 (0.3) | ||
| Other N (%) | 79 (3.3) | 9 (1.2) | ||
| Born in Germany N (%) | 2449 | 2075 (84.7) | 768 | 690 (89.8) |
| Nationality | 2448 | 768 | ||
| German N (%) | 2195 (89.7) | 719 (93.6) | ||
| Other N (%) | 197 (8.1) | 36 (4.7) | ||
| German and other N (%) | 65 (2.3) | 13 (1.7) | ||
| Fathers | ||||
| Paternal education | 1412a | 643 | ||
| School leaving certificate after less than 10 years of schooling N (%) | 234 (16.6) | 105 (16.4) | ||
| School leaving certificate after 10 years of schooling N (%) | 304 (21.5) | 126 (19.4) | ||
| University entrance level N (%) | 843 (59.7) | 401 (62.4) | ||
| Other school leaving certificate N (%) | 15 (1.1) | 5 (0.8) | ||
| No school leaving certificate N (%) | 16 (1.1) | 6 (0.9) | ||
| Paternal employment | 1486a | 676 | ||
| Full-time employed N (%) | 1367 (92.0) | 622 (92.0) | ||
| Part-time employed N (%) | 43 (2.9) | 24 (3.6) | ||
| Marginally/not regularly employed N (%) | 8 (0.5) | 3 (0.4) | ||
| Paternal leave, househusband N (%) | 24 (1.6) | 10 (1.5) | ||
| Pupil, student N (%) | 22 (1.5) | 8 (1.9) | ||
| Seeking for employment N (%) | 8 (0.5) | 4 (0.6) | ||
| Other N (%) | 14 (0.9) | 6 (0.9) | ||
| Born in Germany N (%) | 2427 | 2080 (85.7) | 762 | 701 (92.0) |
| Nationality | 1457a | 658 | ||
| German N (%) | 1360 (93.3) | 619 (94.1) | ||
| Other N (%) | 74 (5.1) | 27 (4.1) | ||
| German and other N (%) | 23 (1.6) | 12 (1.8) | ||
Notes: M mean, SD standard deviation, N number of observations
aLow total Ns as this information was assessed not at baseline, but at 4-week follow-up
bOut of 1588 participants who already reached the 1-year follow-up time point