Table 1.

The therapeutic effect of different source of MSCs in experimental IBD and CAC with different engineering treatments.

	Source	Engineering treatments	Infusion method	Outcome	Reference
1	M-ADMSCs	macrophages	IP	↓ mortality and weight loss, inflammatory cytokines	[24]
2	H-GMSCs	Acetylsalicylic Acid		↓ disease phenotypes	[59]
3	M-BMMSCs	Aspirin	IV	↓DAI and colonic inflammation	[45]
4	H-UCB-MSCs	DNA methyltransferase		↑ therapeutic effect of MSCs	[51]
5	R-BMMSCs	G-CSF	IV	↓ DAI, MPO activity, serum TNF-a and NF-κB p65	[60]
6	H-ADMSCs	HCB platelet lysate	enema	↓ colitis scores, inflamed area and inflammatory mediators.	[61]
7	M-BMMSCs	Heparin	IV	↓ mortality,weight loss, inflammation reaction and tissue injury	[62]
8	H-UCMSCs	IFN-γ overexpression	IV	↓ the ease of body weight,↑ colon length, ↓DAI, and↑ small intestine tissues structure	[49]
9	M-BMMSCs	Inhibition of Gal-3	IP	↑ therapeutic potential	[63]
10	M-BMMSCs	Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 7	IV and IP	↓ clinical and histopathological severity	[64]
11	H-BMMSCs	knocking down let-7a	IV	↑ therapeutic potential	[65]
12	H-BMMSCs	low doses of ultraviolet radiation and X-rays		↑ the effect of radiotherapy in CRC	[66]
13	M-BMMSCs	MicroRNA Let-7a Knockdown	IV	↓ mortality, ↓ weight loss,↓ inflammation reaction,↓ tissue lesion	[65]
14	R-ADMSCs	miR-1236 knock down	enema	↓ inflammation markers	[23]
15	Microvesicles M-BMSCs	miR-200b overexpression	IV	↑ the colon fibrosis histologically	[67]
16	M-BMMSCs	miR-21 Knockdown	IV	↑ colonic inflammation in a TGF-b1-dependent manner	[48]
17	R-BMMSCs	Over-expression CXCR4	IV	↓ both clinical and microanatomical severity of colitis	[50]
18	H-UCMSCs	Poly (I:C)	IP	↑ clinical and pathological manifestations	[68]
19	M-BMMSCs	Poly(I:C)	IP	↓ the pathologic severity	[69]
20	H-UCMSCs	poly(I:C) and LPS	IP	↓ clinical signs of disease, colon shortening and histological disease	[53]
21	R/H-BMMSCs	melatonin	IV	↑ therapeutic effect	[55]
22	M-BMMSCs	spheroid formation	Intraluminal	↓ body weight loss and ↓ DAI	[57]
23	H-BMSCs	Spheroidal formation	IP	simplify long-distance transportation and ↑ therapeutic application	[56]
24	BMMSCs	transfect with sodium iodide symporter	IV	↓ tumor growth and ↑ overall survival	[66]
25	R-BMMSCs	Tregs	IV	↓clinical and histopathologic severity	[10]
26	M-BMMSCs	Tregs cell	IV	↑ body weight and ↑ colon morphology	[70]

M, mouse; H, human; R, rat; IP, intraperitoneal injection; IV, intravenous injection; NEC, necrotising enterocolitis.