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. 2019 Jan 9;7:6. doi: 10.1186/s40478-018-0647-5

Fig. 14.

Fig. 14

Vascular smooth muscle alterations and arteriolar occlusion by CD34-expressing cells. a-e Brain sections from control and blast exposed rats sacrificed 6 weeks after blast exposure were immunostained with antibodies against vascular α-SMA (green) and CD34 (red). Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue). Representative sections of the hippocampal stratum lacunosum moleculare from control (a-b) and blast-exposed (c-e) rats. Note that CD34 immunoreactivity is present in the adventitia of control vessels (arrow in a) but is absent in the blast-injured vessels. The smooth muscle layer appears thickened and irregular in the blast-exposed vessels, and CD34-expressing cells are present inside the vessel lumen (arrow head in d). f Electron micrograph of a cortical arteriole from the frontal cortex of a blast-exposed rat showing a cellular occlusion (white asterisk) similar to those shown in panels (c, d) and (e). Black asterisks (*) in panel (f) mark swollen astrocytic endfeet. Scale bars: 20 μm for (a-e), 2 μm for (f)