Table 1.
Sample data summary of signalment, laminitis risk factor, pathology category, and ER stress/UPR marker data
| Samples (case #, limb) | Age (yr) | Breed | Sex | Laminitis Risk Factor | Laminitis Category | Immunoblot Relative Band Intensities (arbitrary units) | Grp78/BiP Localization | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| XBP1s | Grp78/BiP | Grp94 | |||||||
| Control | |||||||||
| 61 RF | 11 | WB | MC | NL/O | SUB | 26.8 | 15.7 | 12 | nd |
| 92 LF | 18 | WB | F | NL/O | SUB | 24.7 | 11.4 | 17.1 | nd |
| 102 LF | 17 | QH | F | NL/O | NL | 38.4 | 0.9 | 25 | negative |
| 110 LF | 14 | TB | MC | NL/O | NL | 9.7 | nd | 17.2 | nd |
| 111 LF | 18 | TB | F | NL/O | NL | nd | nd | nd | negative |
| 113 LF | 12 | TB | F | NL/O | NL | 27.6 | 0.5 | 17.2 | negative |
| 114 LF | 12 | TB | F | NL/O | NL | 5.2 | 2.9 | 26.5 | negative |
| 129 RF | 22 | AR | F | NL/IF | NL | 5.8 | 18.4 | 42.8 | negative |
| Mean ± sd | 19.7 ± 12.9 | 8.3 ± 7.9 | 20.8 ± 10.7 | ||||||
| EL Front Limb | |||||||||
| 63 RF | 33 | MO | F | PPID | SEV | 79.1 | 12.8 | 17.4 | nd |
| 63 LF | 33 | MO | F | PPID | SEV | nd | nd | nd | AbAx |
| 73 LF | 6 | TBX | F | OB/RA | MOD | 36.6 | 20.5 | 13.2 | negative |
| 75 RF | 22 | MO | F | PPID | SEV | 96.5 | 250 | 106 | nd |
| 75 LF | 22 | MO | F | PPID | SEV | nd | nd | nd | AbAx, Mid (KA) |
| 90 LF | 21 | MH | M | OB/RA | MOD | 54.3 | 1.9 | 41.5 | nd |
| 101 RF | 13 | MO | MC | OB/RA | SEV | 16 | 79 | 91.5 | AbAx, Mid (KA) |
| 104 RF | 23 | WB | MC | PPID | SEV | 36.6 | 1.3 | 24.5 | AbAx, Mid (KA) |
| 109 LF | 9 | QH | F | OB/RA | SEV | 19 | 23.6 | 27.9 | AbAx |
| 116 LF | 8 | QH | F | OB/RA | SEV | 100 | 131.2 | 100 | nd |
| 116 RF | 8 | QH | F | OB/RA | SEV | nd | nd | nd | AbAx, Mid (KA) |
| 134 RF | 18 | TB | MC | PPID | SEV | 87.3 | 100 | 57.9 | negative |
| 134 LF | 18 | TB | MC | PPID | SEV | nd | nd | nd | AbAx, Mid (KA) |
| 140 LF | 14 | TBX | F | OB/RA | SEV | 12 | 15.1 | 36.9 | AbAx, Mid (KA) |
| 141 LF | 21 | RMH | F | PPID | SEV | 72.6 | 296 | 70.1 | AbAx, Mid (KA) |
| 141 RF | 21 | RMH | F | PPID | SEV | nd | nd | nd | AbAx, Mid (KA) |
| 165 LF | 23 | WB | F | PPID | MOD | 23 | 15 | 31.6 | nd |
| Mean ± sd | 52.8 ± 33.0 | 78.9 ± 100.2 | 51.5 ± 32.9 | ||||||
| EL Hind Limb | |||||||||
| 63 LH | 33 | MO | F | PPID | SUB | nd | nd | nd | negative |
| 73 LH | 6 | TBX | F | OB/RA | NL | 19.4 | 15 | 39.7 | negative |
| 75 RH | 22 | MO | F | PPID | NL | 17.8 | 1.7 | 33 | negative |
| 101 LH | 13 | MO | MC | OB/RA | SUB | nd | nd | nd | negative |
| 104 RH | 23 | WB | MC | PPID | SUB | 7.7 | 7.6 | 21.1 | nd |
| 109 RH | 9 | QH | F | OB/RA | NL | nd | 4.7 | 27 | negative |
| 116 RH | 8 | QH | F | OB/RA | SUB | 1.8 | 5.2 | 17.4 | negative |
| 134 RH | 18 | TB | MC | PPID | NL | 3.8 | 33 | 25.4 | negative |
| 141 RH | 21 | RMH | F | PPID | NL | 0.1 | 5.5 | 17.7 | nd |
| 165 LH | 23 | WB | F | PPID | NL | 9.4 | 5.4 | 23.8 | nd |
| Mean ± sd | 8.6 ± 7.6 | 9.8 ± 10.2 | 25.7 ± 7.6 | ||||||
legend: Summary of EL cases and controls used in the present study. Case numbers were assigned at the time of tissue collection, with foot identified as left front (LF), right front (RF), left hind (LH), or right hind (RH). Age listed in years. Breeds include: American Quarter Horse (QH); Arabian (AR); Miniature Horse (MH); Morgan (MO); Rocky Mountain Horse (RMH); Thoroughbred (TB); Thoroughbred cross (TBX; case 73 is TB/Clydesdale cross; case 140 is TB/WB cross); Warmblood (WB). Sex is listed as female (F), male (M), or male castrate (MC). Diagnosis includes non-laminitic, other orthopedic issues (NL/O); non-laminitic, infertility (NL/IF); PPID; obesity/regional adiposity (OB/RA). Laminitis categories include non-laminitic (NL); sub-clinical (SUB), Moderate chronic-active (MOD), and Severe chronic-active (SEV) based on the criteria presented in Table 2 and Methods. Relative immunoblot band intensities were normalized and calculated as described in methods. The mean ± standard deviation (sd) is given for each marker. EL Front Limbs differed from Controls (p = 0.007 (XBP1s), 0.03 (Grp78/BiP), 0.009 Grp94) and from EL Hind Limbs (p = 0.006 (XBP1s), 0.05 (Grp78/BiP). Anti-Grp78/BiP labeled sections were scored visually for detectable expression. Positive antibody labeling is noted by location along the PEL axis: abaxial (AbAx), middle (Mid), keratinized axis (KA). nd, not determined