Table 2.
Bivariate and multivariable associations between socio-demographics, resilience, support, acceptance, violence, and discrimination and mental health and substance use status in a sample of trans masculine adults (N = 150)
| PTSD | BSI - DEPRESSED | BSI - ANXIETY | NSSI - PAST 12 MONTHS | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bivariate | Multivariable | Bivariate | Multivariable | Bivariate | Multivariable | Bivariate | Multivariable | |||||||||||||||||
| OR | 95% CI | P-Value | aOR | 95% CI | P-Value | OR | 95% CI | P-Value | aOR | 95% CI | P-Value | OR | 95% CI | P-Value | aOR | 95% CI | P-Value | OR | 95% CI | P-Value | aOR | 95% CI | P-Value | |
| Age | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Continuous | 1.00 | 0.95–1.06 | 0.94 | 0.91 | 0.84–0.99 | 0.03 | † | † | † | 0.97 | 0.91–1.04 | 0.35 | 0.82 | 0.71–0.94 | 0.004 | 0.85 | 0.74–0.98 | 0.02 | ||||||
| Race | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| White | 1.00 | – | – | – | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | – | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | – | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Person of color | 0.97 | 0.45–2.08 | 0.94 | – | – | – | 0.75 | 0.31–1.81 | 0.52 | – | – | – | 0.77 | 0.34–1.77 | 0.54 | – | – | – | 1.55 | 0.58–4.15 | 0.39 | – | – | – |
| Gender Identity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Binary | 1.00 | – | – | – | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Nonbinary | 1.76 | 0.82–3.82 | 0.15 | – | – | – | 2.20 | 0.97–5.01 | 0.06 | † | † | † | 2.11 | 0.96–4.67 | 0.06 | † | † | † | 1.69 | 0.63–4.57 | 0.30 | – | – | – |
| Educational Attainment | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| High school or equivalent | 0.38 | 0.10–1.45 | 0.16 | – | – | – | 3.25 | 0.98–10.78 | 0.05 | 4.71 | 1.06–20.96 | 0.04 | 1.12 | 0.32–3.92 | 0.86 | – | – | – | 1.15 | 0.23–5.64 | 0.86 | – | – | – |
| Some college or more | 1.00 | – | – | – | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | – | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Employment Status | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Employed | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | – | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | – | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Unemployed | 2.99 | 1.33–6.70 | 0.01 | 2.76 | 1.04–7.29 | 0.04 | 1.02 | 0.43–2.43 | 0.97 | – | – | – | 1.24 | 0.55–2.78 | 0.61 | – | – | – | 1.26 | 0.45–3.52 | 0.66 | – | – | – |
| Annual Household Income | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $32,000 or less | 2.58 | 1.27–5.25 | 0.01 | † | † | † | 2.53 | 1.14–5.62 | 0.02 | † | † | † | 4.11 | 1.87–9.00 | < 0.001 | 3.95 | 1.61–9.71 | 0.003 | 1.89 | 0.71–5.06 | 0.20 | – | – | – |
| > $32,000 | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Partnered | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| No | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | – | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Yes | 0.45 | 0.23–0.89 | 0.02 | 0.38 | 0.17–0.88 | 0.02 | 0.54 | 0.26–1.15 | 0.11 | – | – | – | 0.50 | 0.24–1.02 | 0.06 | † | † | † | 1.25 | 0.47–3.29 | 0.65 | – | – | – |
| Unstably Housed - Past 12 Months | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| No | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – |
| Yes | 4.24 | 1.43–12.63 | 0.01 | † | † | † | 2.67 | 0.97–7.36 | 0.06 | † | † | † | 2.51 | 0.93–6.83 | 0.07 | † | † | † | 3.53 | 1.16–10.73 | 0.03 | † | † | † |
| Problems Accessing Gender-Affirming Care - Past 12 Months | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| No | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | – | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | – | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Yes | 2.39 | 1.11–5.15 | 0.03 | † | † | † | 0.91 | 0.38–2.15 | 0.83 | – | – | – | 1.76 | 0.81–3.82 | 0.15 | – | – | – | 1.89 | 0.72–4.95 | 0.19 | – | – | – |
| RESILIENCE, SUPPORT & ACCEPTANCE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Resilience Score (n = 148) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Continuous | 0.90 | 0.81–0.99 | 0.04 | † | † | † | 0.80 | 0.71–0.91 | < 0.001 | 0.81 | 0.71–0.93 | 0.003 | 0.79 | 0.70–0.89 | < 0.001 | 0.77 | 0.66–0.90 | < 0.001 | 0.74 | 0.64–0.87 | < 0.001 | 0.78 | 0.66–0.91 | 0.002 |
| Social Support Score (n = 149) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Continuous | 0.91 | 0.83–0.99 | 0.02 | † | † | † | 0.91 | 0.83–1.00 | 0.05 | † | † | † | 0.88 | 0.80–0.97 | 0.01 | – | – | – | 0.97 | 0.86–1.08 | 0.55 | – | – | – |
| Self-Acceptance (n = 146) | † | † | † | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Continuous | 0.77 | 0.59–1.00 | 0.05 | † | † | † | 0.69 | 0.52–0.91 | 0.01 | † | † | † | 0.80 | 0.62–1.03 | 0.08 | † | † | † | 0.81 | 0.59–1.10 | 0.18 | – | – | – |
| Acceptance - Other Trans People (n = 146) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Continuous | 0.80 | 0.67–0.95 | 0.01 | † | † | † | 0.78 | 0.65–0.93 | 0.01 | † | † | † | 0.79 | 0.66–0.94 | 0.01 | † | † | † | 0.92 | 0.74–1.14 | 0.44 | – | – | – |
| DISCRIMINATION & VIOLENCE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Any IPV - Lifetime | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| No | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | – | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Yes | 3.75 | 1.72–8.17 | < 0.001 | 3.08 | 1.26–7.53 | 0.01 | 2.74 | 1.11–6.77 | 0.03 | † | † | † | 2.23 | 1.00–4.99 | 0.05 | † | † | † | 0.85 | 0.33–2.20 | 0.74 | – | – | – |
| Everyday Discrimination - Past 12 Months | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Continuous | 1.09 | 1.05–1.14 | < 0.001 | 1.07 | 1.02–1.12 | 0.01 | 1.09 | 1.04–1.14 | < 0.001 | 1.08 | 1.03–1.13 | 0.002 | 1.11 | 1.06–1.17 | < 0.001 | 1.09 | 1.03–1.15 | 0.003 | 1.08 | 1.02–1.13 | 0.01 | 1.06 | 1.01–1.13 | 0.03 |
Note: Bolded p-values = significant a p < 0.05. Multivariable models included any variable with an association <= 0.10 and used backward selection. Final models 1 to 11% missing: PTSD (n = 137); Depressed (n = 148); Anxiety (n = 134); and Self Harm (n = 147)
† Included in multivariable model and ultimately excluded via backward selection
PTSD post-traumatic stress disorder, IPV Intimate partner violence, NSSI non-suicidal self-injury
Predictive validity of model based on Area Under the Curve: Model 1 = 0.75 (acceptable); Model 2 = 0.77 (acceptable); Model 3 = 0.82 (excellent); Model 4 = 0.81 (excellent)