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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jul 7.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Med. 2019 Jan 7;25(1):165–175. doi: 10.1038/s41591-018-0275-4

Figure 5. Irisin triggers brain cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathways.

Figure 5.

(a-d) Summary quantification of the effect of irisin (25 nM) on cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation (a), PKA activation (b) and CREB phosphorylation (c) in human cortical slices (N = 3 independent experiments with slices from different tissue donors for cAMP and pCREB, and 4 for PKA assay; *p<0.05; **p<0.01; repeated-measures ANOVA; two-sided). Data are represented by mean ± SEM. (d) Analysis of cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation induced by irisin (25 nM) in mouse hippocampal slices (N = 4 independent experiments with 6-8 slices from 4 independent animals; *p<0.05; paired Student’s t-test; two-sided), and (e) CREB activation (N = 2 independent experiments with 5 slices from 3 animals; *p<0.05; two-way ANOVA with Holm-Sidak correction; two-sided). Data are represented by mean ± SEM, n defined per slice. (f) Nuclear ATF4 levels (red) in primary cultures exposed to AβOs and/or irisin in the presence of PKI 14-22, a PKA selective inhibitor. Nuclei were counterstained in blue (DAPI). Scale bar = 10 μm. (g) Summary quantification of immunocytochemistry experiments (N = 4 experiments with independent neuronal cultures and AβO preparations; 30 images (from 2-3 coverslips) per experimental condition per experiment). *p<0.05; paired two-way ANOVA with Holm-Sidak correction, two-sided. Data are represented by mean ± SEM.