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Schematic diagram of the mechanisms of action of pathophysiology based new therapeutic options for treatment of sickle cell disease and sickle cell vasculopathy. Hp: haptoglobin; Hx: hemopexin; NAC: N-Acetyl-cysteine; Ab: antibody; ROS: reactive oxygen species; iNKT: invariant natural killer T cells; NKTT120: humanized monoclonal antibody specifically depleting iNKT; NO: nitric oxide; ET-1: endothelin-1; ET-R: endothelin-1 receptor.
