Table 3.
Association between natural gas well activity within a 2-miles of the birth residence and specific critical congenital heart defects, neural tube defects, and oral clefts (N=476,600).
| IDW Summed Well Count | N with Anomalies | Unadjusted PPR (95% CI) | Adjusteda PPR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Specific Critical Congenital Heart Defects | |||
| Common truncus | |||
| 0 | 24 | Referent | Referent |
| >0–47679.13 | 22 | 1.15 (0.65, 2.06) | 1.15 (0.64, 2.06) |
| Transposition of the great arteries | |||
| 0 | 64 | Referent | Referent |
| >0–47679.13 | 57 | 1.12 (0.78, 1.60) | 1.15 (0.80, 1.65) |
| Double outlet right ventricle | |||
| 0 | 20 | Referent | Referent |
| >0–47679.13 | 12 | 0.75 (0.37, 1.54) | 0.77 (0.38, 1.57) |
| Single ventricle | |||
| 0 | 37 | Referent | Referent |
| >0–47679.13 | 30 | 1.02 (0.63, 1.65) | 1.02 (0.63, 1.66) |
| Pulmonary valve atresia and stenosis | |||
| 0 | 22 | Referent | Referent |
| >0–47679.13 | 26 | 1.49 (0.84, 2.62) | 1.45 (0.82, 2.55) |
| Tricuspid valve atresia and stenosis | |||
| 0 | 17 | Referent | Referent |
| >0–47679.13 | 17 | 1.26 (0.64, 2.46) | 1.32 (0.66, 2.63) |
| Ebstein anomaly | |||
| 0 | 17 | Referent | Referent |
| >0–47679.13 | 12 | 0.89 (0.42, 1.86) | 0.95 (0.45, 2.00) |
| Hypoplastic left heart syndrome | |||
| 0 | 67 | Referent | Referent |
| >0–47679.13 | 39 | 0.73 (0.49, 1.09) | 0.76 (0.51, 1.13) |
| Coarctation of aorta | |||
| 0 | 126 | Referent | Referent |
| >0–47679.13 | 100 | 1.00 (0.77, 1.30) | 0.99 (0.76, 1.29) |
| Tetralogy of Fallot | |||
| 0 | 125 | Referent | Referent |
| >0–47679.13 | 83 | 0.84 (0.63, 1.10) | 0.85 (0.64, 1.12) |
| Interrupted aortic arch | |||
| 0 | 18 | Referent | Referent |
| >0–47679.13 | 23 | 1.61 (0.87, 2.98) | 1.57 (0.85, 2.92) |
| Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection | |||
| 0 | 34 | Referent | Referent |
| >0–47679.13 | 41 | 1.52 (0.96, 2.39) | 1.55 (0.98, 2.43) |
| Neural Tube Defects | |||
| Spina Bifida | |||
| 0 | 88 | Referent | Referent |
| >0–47679.13 | 85 | 1.21 (0.90, 1.64) | 1.22 (0.91, 1.65) |
| Anencephaly | |||
| 0 | 26 | Referent | Referent |
| >0–47679.13 | 18 | 0.87 (0.48, 1.59) | 0.88 (0.48, 1.61) |
| Oral Clefts | |||
| Cleft lip only | |||
| 0 | 122 | Referent | Referent |
| >0–47679.13 | 81 | 0.84 (0.63, 1.11) | 0.85 (0.64, 1.12) |
| Cleft palate only | |||
| 0 | 195 | Referent | Referent |
| >0–47679.13 | 174 | 1.12 (0.91, 1.38) | 1.12 (0.92, 1.38) |
IDW: Inverse Distance Weight, PPR: Prevalence proportion ratio, 95% CI: 95% confidence interval
a
Adjusted for maternal education