Table 3. Factors associated with prehypertension and hypertension in three regions.
| Variables | Eastern | Central | Western | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude OR (95%CI) | Adjusted OR (95%CI) | Crude OR (95%CI) | Adjusted OR (95%CI) | Crude OR (95%CI) | Adjusted OR (95%CI) | |
| Year | ||||||
| 1991–1997 | Ref | |||||
| 2000–2006 | 1.202 (1.024, 1.411) | 1.508 (1.17, 1.943) | 1.301 (1.130, 1.499) | 0.994 (0.825, 1.197) | 1.261 (1.033, 1.033) | 1.596 (1.197, 2.129) |
| 2009–2011 | 1.644 (1.370, 1.973) | 1.892 (1.393, 2.568) | 1.090 (0.876, 1.356) | 0.954 (0.726, 1.254) | 1.800 (1.462, 2.216) | 2.277 (1.637, 3.165) |
| Location | ||||||
| Urban | Ref | |||||
| Rural | 0.690 (0.584, 0.814) | 0.822 (0.64, 1.055) | 0.861 (0.740, 1.001) | 1.062 (0.868, 1.298) | 0.854 (0.698, 1.043) | 0.903 (0.707, 1.152) |
| Urbanization index | ||||||
| Q1 (the lowest quartile) | Ref | |||||
| Q2 | 0.986 (0.818, 1.189) | 0.960 (0.668, 1.38) | 1.101 (0.945, 1.282) | 1.355 (1.065, 1.723) | 1.060 (0.853, 1.318) | 0.861 (0.612, 1.211) |
| Q3 | 0.891 (0.751, 1.057) | 0.791 (0.562, 1.113) | 0.882 (0.746, 1.042) | 1.073 (0.832, 1.384) | 0.930 (0.741, 1.167) | 0.792 (0.553, 1.135) |
| Q4 (the highest quartile) | 1.575 (1.342, 1.848) | 0.965 (0.654, 1.426) | 1.316 (1.118, 1.549) | 1.235 (0.934, 1.633) | 1.326 (1.078, 1.631) | 0.775 (0.537, 1.117) |
| Age, y | ||||||
| Child (6~12) | Ref | |||||
| Adolescent (13~17) | 2.186 (1.872, 2.552) | 2.047 (1.672, 2.506) | 2.422 (2.103, 2.789) | 2.346 (1.969, 2.796) | 3.494 (2.856, 4.276) | 3.456 (2.696, 4.431) |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | Ref | |||||
| Female | 0.997 (0.856, 1.162) | 1.150 (0.947, 1.395) | 1.101 (0.958, 1.265) | 1.130 (0.955, 1.336) | 0.840 (0.694, 1.016) | 0.893 (0.711, 1.12) |
| BMI | ||||||
| Thin and Normal | Ref | |||||
| Overweight | 1.895 (1.526, 2.352) | 1.666 (1.262, 2.199) | 1.767 (1.368, 2.283) | 1.609 (1.176, 2.200) | 2.553 (1.685, 3.868) | 2.803 (1.708, 4.602) |
| Obesity | 1.830 (1.248, 2.685) | 1.578 (0.972, 2.562) | 2.522 (1.622, 3.923) | 2.372 (1.404, 4.007) | 3.026 (1.450, 6.314) | 4.580 (1.966, 10.668) |
| Abdominal obesity | ||||||
| No | Ref | |||||
| Yes | 2.987 (2.352, 3.793) | 2.430 (1.834, 3.219) | 1.850 (1.425, 2.401) | 1.539 (1.140, 2.078) | 1.447 (0.968, 2.161) | 0.887 (0.553, 1.424) |
| Tobacco consumption | ||||||
| No | Ref | |||||
| Yes | 1.156 (0.463, 0.463) | 0.854 (0.272, 2.681) | 2.103 (1.2, 3.684) | 1.409 (0.692, 2.868) | 2.434 (1.443, 4.105) | 1.096 (0.556, 2.16) |
| Alcohol consumption | ||||||
| No | Ref | |||||
| Yes | 1.540 (1.002, 2.366) | 1.003 (0.528, 1.902) | 2.098 (1.488, 2.959) | 0.881 (0.545, 1.425) | 2.835 (1.992, 4.034) | 1.693 (1.089, 2.630) |
| 3-day average energy, kcal | ||||||
| Q1 (the lowest quartile) | Ref | |||||
| Q2 | 0.868 (0.722, 1.043) | 0.992 (0.689, 1.427) | 0.946 (0.805, 1.112) | 1.260 (0.919, 1.728) | 0.708 (0.563, 0.892) | 1.039 (0.689, 1.567) |
| Q3 | 1.010 (0.849, 1.200) | 1.000 (0.602, 1.659) | 1.090 (0.932, 1.275) | 1.368 (0.878, 2.132) | 1.028 (0.822, 1.285) | 1.162 (0.644, 2.095) |
| Q4 (the highest quartile) | 1.383 (1.169, 1.637) | 0.998 (0.513, 1.945) | 1.116 (0.956, 1.302) | 1.184 (0.661, 2.120) | 1.558 (1.265, 1.919) | 1.383(0.647, 2.955) |
| 3-day average carbohydrate, g | ||||||
| Q1 | Ref | |||||
| Q2 | 0.902 (0.752, 1.082) | 1.103 (0.809, 1.503) | 0.940 (0.802, 1.103) | 0.960 (0.732, 1.259) | 0.786 (0.625, 0.99) | 0.779 (0.540, 1.126) |
| Q3 | 0.911 (0.757, 1.095) | 1.244 (0.828, 1.868) | 0.945 (0.808, 1.106) | 0.872 (0.607, 1.253) | 0.905 (0.905, 1.133) | 0.691 (0.425, 1.125) |
| Q4 | 1.277 (1.073, 1.518) | 1.733 (1.019, 2.948) | 1.156 (0.991, 1.348) | 1.034 (0.644, 1.661) | 1.291 (1.045, 1.594) | 0.765 (0.408, 1.433) |
| 3-day average fat, g | ||||||
| Q1 (the lowest quartile) | Ref | |||||
| Q2 | 1.006 (0.844, 1.201) | 1.285 (0.934, 1.767) | 1.011 (0.861, 1.189) | 1.007 (0.789, 1.286) | 0.908 (0.729, 1.13) | 1.036 (0.74, 1.451) |
| Q3 | 0.989 (0.83, 1.178) | 1.339 (0.952, 1.885) | 1.068 (0.910, 1.254) | 1.020 (0.779, 1.335) | 1.064 (0.86, 1.318) | 1.099 (0.765, 1.579) |
| Q4 (the highest quartile) | 1.357 (1.151, 1.600) | 1.447 (0.960, 2.181) | 1.101 (0.940, 1.29) | 0.899 (0.634, 1.274) | 1.457 (1.181, 1.799) | 0.936 (0.596, 1.471) |
| 3-day average protein, g | ||||||
| Q1 (the lowest quartile) | Ref | |||||
| Q2 | 0.835 (0.690, 1.011) | 0.793 (0.568, 1.107) | 0.910 (0.776, 1.068) | 0.851 (0.654, 1.107) | 0.001 (0.628, 0.984) | 1.039 (0.735, 1.468) |
| Q3 | 0.908 (0.763, 1.081) | 0.760 (0.525, 1.101) | 1.005 (0.857, 1.179) | 0.856 (0.628, 1.167) | 1.003 (0.801, 1.255) | 0.971 (0.647, 1.457) |
| Q4 (the highest quartile) | 1.461 (1.246, 1.712) | 0.790 (0.52, 1.201) | 1.219 (1.042, 1.428) | 0.919 (0.645, 1.31) | 1.674 (1.352, 2.073) | 1.267 (0.794, 2.023) |
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; ref, reference; Q, quartile.