Table 1.

Children’s Knowledge of Abuse Questionnaire Items and Concept Categories

Inappropriate Touch Scale (ITS) Items	T1	T3	Δ	T1	T3	Δ	T1	T3	Δ
Category 1: Personal Agency re: grown ups	N = 411			Gr. 2 (n=197)			Gr. 3 (n=214)
5. Sometimes it’s OK to say “no” to a grown-up.	50	66	16***	48	63	15***	51	69	17***
15. If a grown-up tells you to do something you always have to do it.	20	42	21***	16	31	16***	24	51	27***
22. You have to let grown-ups touch you whether you like it or not.	49	65	16***	37	53	16***	60	76	15***
31. If your baby-sitter tells you to take off all your clothes but it’s not time to get undressed for bed, you have to do it.	65	77	12***	57	68	11**	72	85	12***
Category 2: Personal Agency re: trusting feelings
1. You always have to keep secrets.	37	57	20***	29	49	20***	44	64	20***
12. If someone touches you in a way you don’t like, it’s your own fault.	70	75	6*	59	66	7	80	84	4
16. Some touches start out feeling good then turn confusing.	42	63	21***	37	59	22***	48	67	20***
17. You can trust your feelings about whether a touch is good or bad.	53	63	10**	50	57	7	56	68	12**
25. Boys don’t have to worry about someone touching their private parts.	59	63	4	51	56	5	67	70	3
Category 3: What to do if a not safe touch happens
6. It’s OK to say “no” and move away if someone touches you in a way you don’t like.	74	79	5*	63	77	14***	84	81	−2
10. If someone touches you in a way you don’t like, you should tell someone you trust.	83	87	4(.07)	80	85	5	86	90	4
13. If you don’t like how someone is touching you, it’s OK to say “no”.	76	83	7**	72	77	5	79	88	8*
23. If someone touches you in a way that does not feel good you should keep on telling until someone believes you.	76	83	8**	69	75	6	82	91	9**
32. If someone walks in while you are having a bath, and you feel uncomfortable, you should just keep quiet.	49	44	−4	30	29	−2	49	44	−4
Category 4: Unsafe touch from a familiar person
8. Even hugs and tickles can turn into bad touches if they go on too long.	55	56	1	49	53	4	61	59	−1
20. Even someone you like could touch you in a way that feels bad.	37	42	5(.09)	37	40	4	38	44	7
24. Sometimes someone in your family might touch you in a way you don’t like.	56	60	4	53	61	8	59	59	0
30. Someone you know, even a relative, might want to touch your private parts in a way that feels confusing.	25	46	21***	28	45	17***	22	46	24***
Appropriate Touch Scale (ATS) Items
2. It’s OK for someone you like to hug you.	76	76	−1	77	78	1	76	74	−2
4. Most kids like to get a kiss from their parents before they go to bed at night, so, for them, that would be a safe touch.	89	93	4*	90	93	3	88	92	4
9. If you fell off your bike and hurt your private parts, it would be OK for a doctor or nurse to look under your clothes.	58	76	18***	63	82	19***	54	71	17***
18. It's OK to have a hug from a grown-up you like.	83	80	−2	83	81	−2	83	79	−3
21. A pat on the back from a teacher you like after you've done a good job at school is a safe touch.	82	92	10***	83	90	8*	81	93	13***
28. If you won a contest for drawing the best picture in your school and a neighbour you liked gave you a quick hug to congratulate you, that would be a safe touch.	72	82	11***	77	82	6	67	83	16***

Items and concept categories for Safe Touches workshop-related CKAQ items. McNemar’s tests were conducted to compare change in proportion of correct responses from T1 to T3. Results are presented for each item for the total sample (N = 411), and by grade.

^*p < .05,

^**p < .01,

^***p < .001