Table 1.
Macrophage polarization markers. Markers increase expression or secretion in response the indicated polarization state.
| Marker | Polarization State | Detection Methods | Type | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL-1β | M1-Like | ELISA/PCR | Cytokine | 48, 170, 171 |
| IL-6 | M1-Like | Cytokine | 48, 171, 172 | |
| IL-10 | M2-Like | Cytokine | 48, 50, 170-172 | |
| IL-12 | M1-Like | Cytokine | 48, 50, 170, 172 | |
| IL-23 | M1-Like | Cytokine | 50 | |
| TGF-β | M2-Like | Cytokine | 48, 171-173 | |
| TNF-α | M1-Like | Cytokine | 48, 170-172 | |
| CD68 | M1-Like | FACS/IHC | Cell Surface Protein | 170, 172, 173 |
| CD80 | M1-Like | Cell Surface Protein | 170, 173 | |
| CD86 | M1-Like | Cell Surface Protein | 170, 172 | |
| CD163 | M2-Like | Cell Surface Protein | 48, 49, 170, 172 | |
| CD206 | M2-Like | Cell Surface Protein | 170, 172 | |
| Ferroportin | M2-Like | Cell Surface Protein | 149, 153 | |
| Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) | M1-Like | Fluorescence-Based Assays | Enzymatic Product | 171 |
| Nitric Oxide | M1-Like | Enzymatic Product | 49, 50, 170-173 | |
| Arginase | M2-Like | IHC/Western Blot | Enzyme | 49, 50, 172, 173 |
| Ferritin | M1-Like | Cell Protein | 149, 153 | |
| Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) | M1-Like | Enzyme/Enzymatic Product | 49, 50, 170-173 | |
| Transferrin Receptor 1 | M2-Like | Cell Surface Protein | 149 |