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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2018 Aug 5;33(1):42–55. doi: 10.1111/jdv.15174

Figure 1b.

Figure 1b.

Non-inferiority Clinical Trial Principles illustrated by different scenarios (1–6), where the effects of an active control and experimental treatment are within the confidence intervals (along the x-axis).

1) Experimental non-inferior to control but not significantly different from active control.

2) Experimental is non-inferior to control but is significantly different from control.

3) Experimental is somewhat inferior to control. Experimental is not inferior because the CI does not include the non-inferior margin or the line of Δ0.

4) Inconclusive because the CI includes values on both sides of the non-inferiority margin and the line of no treatment difference (Δ0).

5) Experimental is inferior to control because it includes the non-inferiority margin.

6) Experimental is inferior to control and is more certain of its inferiority as compared to scenario (5) because it does not include the non-inferiority margin.