Table 3. Clinical studies demonstrating troponins as predictor of anticancer drug-induced left ventricular dysfunction.
| Study [year] | Patients (n) | Cancer type | Drugs | Troponin type | Cut off | Timing of assessment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lipshultz [1997] (26) | 15* | ALL | AC | T | 0.03 ng/mL | Before CT; 1–3 days after each dose |
| Cardinale [2000] (27) | 201 | Various | HD CT | I | 0.04 ng/mL | 0-12-24-36-72 hours after CT |
| Cardinale [2002] (28) | 232 | Breast cancer | HD CT | I | 0.04 ng/mL | 0-12-24-36-72 hours after CT |
| Auner [2003] (29) | 30 | Hematological | HD Cycl | T | 0.03 ng/mL | Before CT; 1–14 days after CT |
| Sandri [2003] (30) | 179 | Various | HD CT | I | 0.04 ng/mL | 0-12-24-36-72 hours after CT |
| Cardinale [2004] (31) | 703 | Various | HD CT | I | 0.04 ng/mL | 0-12-24-36-72 hours after CT |
| Specchia [2005] (32) | 79 | Hematological | AC | I | 0.15 ng/mL | Before CT; weekly ×4 times |
| Kilickap [2005] (33) | 41 | Various | AC | T | 0.10 ng/mL | Before CT; 3–5 days after 1st and last dose |
| Lee [2008] (34) | 86 | Hematological | AC | I | 0.20 ng/mL | Before each dose |
| Schmidinger [2008] (35) | 74 | Renal cancer | Sunitinib/sorafenib | T | 0.02 ng/mL | Before CT, bimonthly, symptoms occurrence |
| Cardinale [2010] (36) | 251 | Breast cancer | AC, TRZ | I | 0.04 ng/mL | Before and after each cycle |
| Sawaya [2011] (37) | 43 | Breast cancer | AC + taxanes + TRZ | HS-I | 0.015 ng/mL | Before CT; after 3 and 6 months during CT |
| Lipshultz [2012] (38) | 205* | ALL | AC/AC + dexrazoxane | I/T | any detectable amount | Before CT; 1–7 days after each dose; end CT |
| Sawaya [2012] (39) | 81 | Breast cancer | AC + taxanes + TRZ | HS-I | 30 pg/mL | Before CT; after 3 and 6 months during CT |
| Draft [2013] (40) | 53 | Various | AC | I | 0.06 ng/mL | Before CT; after 1, 3, 6 months |
| Mornoş [2013] (41) | 74 | Various | AC | HS-T | NA | Before CT; after 6, 12, 24, 52 weeks |
| Mavinkurve-Groothuis [2013] (42) | 60* | ALL | AC | HS-T | 0.01 ng/mL | Before CT; after 3 and 12 months |
| Ky [2014] (43) | 78 | Breast cancer | AC + taxanes + TRZ | HS-I | NA | Before CT; after 3 and 6 months during CT |
| Mornoş [2014] (44) | 92 | Various | AC | HS-T | NA | Before CT; after 12 and 36 weeks |
| Putt [2015] (45) | 78 | Breast cancer | AC + taxanes + TRZ | HS-I | NA | Before CT; every 3 months [max 15 months) |
| Zardavas [2016] (46) | 412 | Breast cancer | AC + taxanes + TRZ | HS-T/US-I | 14 ng/L/40 ng/L | Before CT; week 13,25,52; month 18,24,30,36 |
| Olivieri [2017] (47) | 99 | Lymphoma | AC/lipoAC | US-I | 0.08 ng/mL | Before CT; 1, 24–72 hours after each cycle |
| Kitayama [2017] (48) | 40 | Breast cancer | AC/AC + TRZ/TRZ | HS-T | NA | Before CT; every 3 months during CT |
| Shafi [2017] (49) | 82 | Breast cancer | AC | US-I | NA | 1, 24 hours after each cycle |
AC, anthracycline-containing chemotherapy; ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia; CT, chemotherapy; Cycl, cyclophosphamide; HD, high-dose; LAP, lapatinib; lipoAC, liposomal anthracycline; NA, not available; I, troponin I; T, troponin T; TRZ, trastuzumab; HS, high-sensitive; US, ultra-sensitive *, pediatric population.