Table 1.

Chemical composition of Caraway oil from different geographical region

Country	Yield (w/w)	Main components	References
German caraway essential oil	1.21%	Carvone (77.3%), and limonene (16.15%)	[19]
Tunisian chemotype	1.41%	Carvone (76.3%), and limonene (19.52%)	[19]
Egyptian chemotype	0.48%	Carvone (61.58%), limonene (29.11%), β-myrcene (3.97%) and α-selinene (10.9%)	[19]
Egyptian chemotype	–	Limonene (53.4%), β-selinene (11.1%), β-elemene (10.1%) and caryophyllene oxide (9.8%)	[40]
Chinese caraway	4.7%	Limonene (43.5%), carvone (32.6%), and apiole (15.1%)	[34]
Uttarakhand Himalaya, India	3.3–4.8%	Carvone (65.77–78.8%), and limonene (19.38–31.64%)	[37]
Commercial caraway	0.6–5.4%	Carvone (44.5–95.9%), limonene (1.5–51.3%), β-myrcene (0–0.4%), trans-dihydrocarvone (0–0.5%), and trans-carveole (0–0.2%)	[38]
Tunisian ecotype	0.86–1.20%	Carvone (76.78–80.53%), and limonene (13.05–20.29%)	[20]
Iran	–	γ-Terpinene (17.86%), cuminaldehyde (22.1%), γ-Terpinene-7-al (15.41%), p-cymene (7.99%)	[39]