Table 1.
Participants demographic and clinical characteristics.
| Age, years | Sex | Paretic side | Handedness (premorbid in stroke) | Months after stroke onset |
FMA (0–66) |
MAS (0–28) |
BBT (P or ND arm) |
MoCA (0–30) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ±SD (range) | Male/Female | Right/Left | Right/Left | Mean ±SD (range) | Mean ±SD (range) | Mean ±SD (range) | Mean ±SD (range) | Mean ±SD (range) | |
| Cortical stroke (n = 8) | 65.1 ± 11.1 (49–81) | 7/1 | 5/3 | 8/0 | 88.3 ± 57.8 (6–170) | 58.0 ± 10.1 (38–66) | 3.8 ± 8.0 (0–23) | 37.6 ± 11.4 (21–49) | 24.8 ± 5.7 (16–30) |
| Subcortical stroke (n = 8) | 62.6 ± 7.7 (53–77) | 7/1 | 2/6 | 8/0 | 60.3 ± 46.9 (7–175) | 55.6 ± 10.1 (38–66) | 4.3 ± 7.4 (0–21) | 33.8 ± 10.2 (16–47) | 27.3 ± 3.6 (21–30) |
| Healthy controls (n = 12) | 60.6 ± 8.8 (51–80) | 7/5 | n/a | 12/0 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 51.2 ± 11.4 (31–75) | 27.7 ± 2.5 (22–30) |
UE FMA refers to upper-extremity component of the Fugl-Meyer Motor Function Assessment, indicating motor impairments in stroke survivors (36). MAS refers to modified Ashworth scale, indicating spasticity in stroke survivors (37). BBT refers to box and blocks test, measuring manual dexterity (34). MoCA refers to Montreal cognitive assessment. P arm refers to paretic arm in stroke survivors. ND arm refers to non-dominant arm in healthy controls. No differences in age were revealed between cortical, subcortical stroke and control groups. No difference in chronicity, UE FMA, MAS, BBT, or MoCA was revealed between cortical and subcortical stroke groups.