Table 9.
Studies published during lasts years on urgent PD start.
| Reference | Patients (groups) | Insertion technique | Urgent-start intervention | Observation period | Mechanical complications | Infectious complications | Survival (patient survival, method survival) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Povlsen and Ivarsen, 2006 | 140 pts (52-US vs. 88-PLS) |
Surgical | APD < 24 h after catheter insertion |
3 months | Leakage : 7.7% in US vs. 0% in PLS. Catheter dysfunction: 15% in US vs. 5.8% in PLS | Peritonitis: 15% in US vs. 15% in PLS ESI: 3.9% in US vs. 3.8% in PLS |
Technique survival: 87% for US, 90% for PLS |
| Yang et al., 2011 | 310 pts (226-US vs. 84-PLS) |
Surgical | CAPD 48–64 h after catheter insertion | 6 months | Leakage: 2.2% in US vs. 2.4% in PLS Catheter dysfunction: 1,3% in US vs. 0% in PLS |
Peritonitis: 4% in US vs. 2.4% in PLS ESI: 1.3% in US vs. 0% in PLS |
Not specified |
| Pai et al., 2016 | 149 pts (80-US vs. 69-PLS) | Surgical | 6–13 days after catheter insertion | 30 ± 25 months | – | Peritonitis: 1/65 patient-months in US vs. 1/95 patient-months in PLS | Drop out of PD 45 in early and 34 in delayed starters |
| Jin et al., 2016 | 178 pts (96-US vs. 82-US HD) | Surgical | PD start within 14 days after catheter insertion | Catheter malposition 3.1% | Peritonitis: 2.1% ESI: 0% |
3 months survival 98% for PD and HD 1 year survival 92% for PD, 93% for HD |
|
| Xu et al., 2017 | 922 pts US | Surgical | 50% within 1 day after catheter insertion | Median 31 months | Abdominal wall complications 4.8% Catheter complications 9.5% |
– | 36% pts continued to receive PD therapy |
| Wang et al., 2017 | 101 pts US | Surgical | 2 days after catheter insertion | 12 months | Leakage 10% in IPD vs. 3.9% in APD Catheter malposition 4% in IPD vs. 3.9% in APD |
Infection 26% in IPD and 13.7% in APD | – |
| Nayak et al., 2018 | 56 pts (32-US vs. 24 PLS) | Surgical | ≤48 h after catheter insertion | 90 days | Leakage 9.4% in US vs. 0% in PLS Catheter migration 25% in US vs. 16.7% in PLS |
Peritonitis: 9.4%??? | Technique survival 91% for US, 96% for PLS |
| Casaretto et al., 2012 | 11 pts US | Laparoscopic | APD < 48 h after catheter insertion | 90 days | No leaks, catheter dysfunction in 1 patient | No peritonitis | – |
| Koch et al., 2012 | 123 pts (66-US vs. 57-US HD) | Laparoscopic | APD during 12 h after catheter implantation | 4.7 ± 2.0 months | Catheter dysfunction: 7.6% for PD vs. 5.3% for HD | Bacteremia 3% for PD vs. 21% for HD. Peritonitis: 3%, ESI: 4.5% |
6 months survival 70% for PD, 58% for HD (NS) |
| Masseur et al., 2014 | 81 pts US | Laparoscopic | ADP – immediately to 3–6 days after catheter implantation | 3 months | No leaks Catheter dysfunction in eight patients |
No peritonitis | 95% |
| Alkatheeri et al., 2016 | 30 pts US | Laparoscopic or percutaneous | APD – immediately (6 pts) to median 6 days after catheter implantation | Median 201 days |
Leakage in 10%; Catheter dysfunction in 20% |
Peritonitis – 1 (1:319 patient-months) ESI 2 (1:159 patient-months) |
3 months patient survival 100%; technique survival 93% |
| Song et al., 2000 | 59 pts US | Percutaneous | Immediately (<24 h)after catheter implantation: (I) gradual increase in exchange volume (II) Full exchange volume (2 L) |
12 months | Leakage: 9.5% in Group I vs. 10.5% in Group II Catheter dysfunction: 4.8% in Group I vs. 5.3% in Group II |
Peritonitis: 24% in Group I vs. 16% in Group II ESI: 9.5% in Group I vs. 5.3% in Group II |
Catheter survival: Group I – 86%, Group II – 84% |
| Banli et al., 2005 | 41 pts US | Percutaneous | CAPD incremental since 6-th day after implantation | – | Leakage: 4.8%; Catheter dysfunction: 2.4% |
Peritonitis: 2.4% ESI: 0% |
– |
| Jo et al., 2007 | 51 pts US | Percutaneous | CAPD immediately after catheter implantation | 12 months | Leakage: 2%; Catheter dysfunction: 12% |
Peritonitis: 4% ESI: 4% |
– |
| Ghaffari, 2012 | 27 pts (18-US vs. 9-PLS) | Percutaneous | Urgent: <2 weeks after catheter implantation Planned: 2–4 weeks after catheter implantation |
3 months | Leakage: 33% in US vs. 11% in PLS Catheter dysfunction: 11% in US vs. 22% in PLS |
Peritonitis: 1:110 patient-months in US vs. 1:42 patient-months in PLS ESI: 1:55 patient-months in US vs. 1:42 patient-months in PLS |
– |
| Bitencourt Dias et al. 2016 | 76 pts (35-US vs. 6-PLS vs. 29-US HD vs. 6-PLS HD | Percutaneous | High volume PD < 48 h after catheter implantation | 3 months | Leakage: 2.8% Catheter dysfunction: 20% |
Peritonitis: 14.2% ESI: 8.6% |
Patient survival – 80% Technique survival – 86% |
| Bitencourt Dias et al., 2017 | 51 pts US | Percutaneous | High volume PD < 72 h after catheter implantation | 180 days | Leakage: 9.7% Catheter migration: 16% |
Peritonitis: 0.5 patient/y ESI 17% |
Patient survival – 82% Technique survival – 86% |
| Wong et al., 2016 | 81 pts US | Surgical or laparoscopy or percutaneous | Emergent – within 48 h of catheter implantation; Urgent – 48 h – 14 days after catheter implantation |
12 months | Leakage: 5% Catheter dysfunction: 15% |
Peritonitis – 16% (72/100 patient-years) | – |
| Lobbedez et al., 2008 | 60 pts (34 US PD vs. 26 US HD) | Not specified | APD 9.6 ± 10.3 days (median: 4 days) after catheter insertion | 12 months | Leakage: 5.8% | The survival free of peritonitis: 73% at 6 months and 55% at 1 year | Patient survival: 83% for PD, 79% for HD PD technique survival – 90% after 6 months and 88% after 12 months |