Table 1.
Metabolites | m/z | Rt (min) | Ion/Adduct | ESI | MF | MW | p-value | FC_B | FC_S | FC_M | Direction | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | (-)-Jasmonic acid methyl ester | 245.1149 | 1.98 | M+Na | Neg | C13H20O3 | 224.30 | 0.0017 | 1.095 | 1.360 | 1.107 | Increase |
2 | 1,2-bis-O-Sinapoyl-beta-D-glucoside | 591.1695 | 6.59 | M-H | Neg | C28H32O14 | 592.55 | 0.0013 | 1.059 | 1.625 | 1.001 | Increase |
3 | 1-O-Sinapoyl-beta-D-glucose | 385.1144 | 5.56 | M-H | Neg | C17H22O10 | 386.35 | 0.0000 | 2.437 | 1.020 | 1.021 | Increase |
4 | 2-Coumarate | 163.0396 | 4.51 | M-H | Neg | C9H8O3 | 163.15 | 0.0484 | 1.604 | 0.798 | 1.978 | Increase |
5 | 3-Methyl-4-cis-hydroxy-2-butenal | 121.0273 | 5.13 | M-H_Na | Neg | C5H8O2 | 101.12 | 0.0000 | 1.004 | 0.879 | 1.334 | Increase |
6 | 4-Coumaroylshikimate | 357.0381 | 3.26 | M-K | Neg | C16H16O7 | 320.30 | 0.0038 | 0.767 | 1.248 | 1.142 | Decrease |
7 | 4-Hydroxycoumarin | 163.0385 | 4.69 | M+H | Pos | C9H6O3 | 162.14 | 0.0408 | 3.830 | 2.957 | 0.465 | Increase |
8 | 6-Aminohexanoate | 170.0586 | 4.11 | M+H_K | Pos | C6H13NO2 | 131.18 | 0.0076 | 7.432 | 6.021 | 5.703 | Increase |
9 | Abscisate | 355.1131 | 4.02 | M+H_FANa | Pos | C15H20O4 | 264.32 | 0.0000 | 3.912 | 3.814 | 2.933 | Increase |
10 | Apigenin | 271.0620 | 6.07 | M+H | Pos | C15H10O5 | 270.24 | 0.0288 | 35.023 | 17.605 | 6.901 | Increase |
11 | Apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside | 577.1548 | 5.95 | M-H | Neg | C27H30O14 | 578.52 | 0.0016 | 21.230 | 11.350 | 3.234 | Increase |
12 | Apigenin 7-O-β-D-glucoside | 431.0978 | 6.67 | M-H | Neg | C21H20O10 | 432.38 | 0.0008 | 11.770 | 10.853 | 2.538 | Increase |
13 | Apigeninidin | 255.0481 | 6.15 | M+H | Pos | C15H11 | 255.24 | 0.0000 | 38.975 | 22.027 | 20.551 | Increase |
14 | Caffeoylglucarate | 371.0625 | 4.01 | M-H | Neg | C15H16O11 | 372.28 | 0.0550 | 0.832 | 4.237 | 0.283 | Decrease |
15 | Caffeoylquinate | 353.0879 | 4.67 | H-H | Neg | C16H18O9 | 354.31 | 0.0000 | 4.121 | 1.996 | 1.195 | Increase |
16 | Coniferaldehyde glucoside | 356.1344 | 3.26 | M-NH3 | Neg | C16H20O8 | 340.33 | 0.0000 | 0.651 | 0.748 | 0.200 | Decrease |
17 | Coniferin | 343.1373 | 4.75 | M+H | Pos | C16H22O8 | 342.34 | 0.0000 | 9.102 | 11.114 | 3.163 | Increase |
18 | Coniferyl acetate | 223.0956 | 5.44 | M+H | Pos | C12H14O4 | 222.24 | 0.0000 | 0.818 | 0.748 | 0.520 | Decrease |
19 | Coniferyl alcohol | 181.0513 | 3.10 | M+H | Pos | C10H12O3 | 180.20 | 0.0060 | 3.781 | 4.888 | 1.280 | Increase |
20 | Coniferyl aldehyde | 179.0694 | 5.71 | M+H | Pos | C10H10O3 | 178.18 | 0.0000 | 2.105 | 3.467 | 0.579 | Increase |
21 | Coumarin | 145.0289 | 4.56 | M-H/M+H | Neg | C9H6O2 | 146.14 | 0.0000 | 1.995 | 1.259 | 1.569 | Increase |
22 | Coumaroyl-glucose | 327.1072 | 7.22 | M+H | Pos | C15H18O8 | 326.30 | 0.0000 | 1.306 | 1.055 | 0.529 | Increase |
23 | Coumaryl acetate | 237.0776 | 4.15 | M-FA | Neg | C11H12O3 | 192.21 | 0.0000 | 2.331 | 1.643 | 1.049 | Increase |
24 | Cyanidin 3-(p-coumaroyl)-glucoside | 610.1549 | 5.90 | M-NH3 | Neg | C30H26O13 | 595.53 | 0.0381 | 2.996 | 1.050 | 1.019 | Increase |
25 | Dhurrin | 334.0893 | 4.20 | M+H_Na | Pos | C14H17NO7 | 311.29 | 0.0049 | 37.936 | 31.379 | 27.650 | Increase |
26 | Dihydroconiferyl alcohol glucoside | 411.1290 | 6.06 | M-FA-Na | Neg | C16H24O8 | 344.36 | 0.8474 | 1.203 | 0.524 | 0.241 | Increase |
27 | Dihydroxy-4-methoxy-isoflavanol | 333.0991 | 3.91 | M-FA | Neg | C16H16O5 | 288.30 | 0.0000 | 12.159 | 3.158 | 1.509 | Increase |
28 | Dihydroxycinnamate | 179.0341 | 5.29 | M-H | Neg | C9H8O4 | 179.15 | 0.0000 | 1.466 | 0.950 | 0.495 | Increase |
29 | Feruloyl-glucose | 401.1081 | 3.19 | M + FA | Neg | C16H20O9 | 356.33 | 0.0001 | 1.852 | 4.470 | 1.097 | Increase |
30 | Fumarate | 182.9915 | 1.75 | M-FA-Na | Neg | C4H4O4 | 116.07 | 0.0000 | 0.742 | 1.037 | 0.907 | Decrease |
31 | Geranyl-farnesyl diphosphate | 591.1825 | 4.17 | M-KCl | Neg | C25H44O7P2 | 518.57 | 0.0244 | 1.218 | 1.132 | 0.914 | Increase |
32 | Gibberellin A9 methyl ester | 375.1556 | 5.77 | M+H_NaNa | Pos | C20H26O4 | 330.42 | 0.0000 | 2.565 | 1.847 | 1.221 | Increase |
33 | Glutathione disulphide | 611.1435 | 1.87 | M-H | Neg | C20H32N6O12S2 | 612.63 | 0.0000 | 3.834 | 1.069 | 1.025 | Increase |
34 | Hesperidin | 609.1809 | 5.53 | M-H | Neg | C28H34O15 | 610.57 | 0.0000 | 7.596 | 3.658 | 1.266 | Increase |
35 | Homofuraneol | 165.0523 | 1.83 | M+H_Na | Pos | C7H10O3 | 142.15 | 0.0085 | 2.216 | 1.722 | 0.447 | Increase |
36 | Hydroxybrassinolide | 517.3128 | 8.17 | M-Na | Neg | C28H48O7 | 496.69 | 0.0013 | 4.996 | 3.282 | 1.822 | Increase |
37 | Hydroxyjasmonate | 228.1593 | 6.98 | M+H | Pos | C12H18O4 | 226.272 | 0.0100 | 1.422 | 1.519 | 0.309 | Increase |
38 | Indole-3-acetaldoxime | 175.0860 | 1.97 | M+H | Pos | C10H10N2O | 174.08 | 0.0009 | 1.140 | 1.719 | 0.809 | Increase |
39 | Indole | 116.0500 | 4.10 | M-H | Neg | C8H7N | 117.15 | 0.0079 | 3.591 | 1.373 | 2.933 | Increase |
40 | Indole-3-acetamide | 289.1181 | 4.88 | M-H | Neg | C15H18N2O4 | 290.13 | 0.0123 | 1.222 | 2.001 | 1.006 | Increase |
41 | Indole-3-acetyl-alanine | 283.0479 | 4.78 | M-K | Neg | C13H14N2O3 | 245.26 | 0.0000 | 0.793 | 0.906 | 0.692 | Decrease |
42 | Indole-3-acetyl-beta-1-D-glucoside | 337.0901 | 3.86 | M | Pos | C16H19NO7 | 337.12 | 0.0000 | 8.370 | 6.306 | 3.136 | Increase |
43 | Indole-3-glycerol phosphate | 286.2377 | 11.07 | M-H | Neg | C11H14NO6P | 287.21 | 0.0000 | 0.661 | 0.674 | 0.439 | Decrease |
44 | Indole-3-yl-acetyl-myo-inositol-L-arabinoside | 468.1489 | 4.52 | M-H | Neg | C21H27NO11 | 469.44 | 0.0023 | 1.662 | 1.552 | 0.938 | Increase |
45 | Isoliquiritigenin 4'-glucoside | 463.1243 | 5.36 | M-FA | Neg | C21H22O9 | 418.13 | 0.0000 | 2.316 | 2.625 | 1.062 | Increase |
46 | Isovitexin 7-O-glucoside | 593.1499 | 6.09 | M-H | Neg | C27H30O15 | 594.52 | 0.0000 | 0.641 | 0.782 | 0.242 | Decrease |
47 | Kaempferol 3,7-O-diglucoside | 609.1450 | 5.99 | M-H | Neg | C27H30O16 | 610.52 | 0.0089 | 5.498 | 3.325 | 1.349 | Increase |
48 | Kaempferol 3-O-glucoside | 449.1075 | 6.71 | M-HH | Neg | C21H19 | 447.37 | 0.0000 | 5.777 | 1.550 | 1.042 | Increase |
49 | Luteolin | 287.0566 | 6.31 | M+H | Pos | C15H10O6 | 286.24 | 0.0086 | 17.712 | 9.687 | 2.399 | Increase |
50 | Luteolin 7-O-glucoside | 447.0917 | 6.19 | M-H | Neg | C21H20O11 | 448.37 | 0.0000 | 20.535 | 15.686 | 5.252 | Increase |
51 | Luteolinidin | 271.0620 | 6.87 | M | Pos | C15H11 | 271.24 | 0.0001 | 31.158 | 20.078 | 12.412 | Increase |
52 | Naringin | 625.1770 | 4.49 | M-FA | Neg | C27H32O14 | 580.54 | 0.0000 | 1.992 | 1.992 | 1.226 | Increase |
53 | N-Feruloylserotonin | 351.1335 | 11.68 | M-H | Neg | C20H20N2O4 | 352.39 | 0.0005 | 0.701 | 0.802 | 0.402 | Decrease |
54 | p-Coumaroylagmatine | 275.1997 | 13.69 | M-H | Neg | C14H20N4O2 | 276.34 | 0.0001 | 1.751 | 1.750 | 1.907 | Increase |
55 | p-Coumaroylquinate | 427.0619 | 1.81 | M-FA-NaNa | Neg | C16H18O8 | 338.31 | 0.0013 | 0.940 | 0.460 | 1.599 | Decrease |
56 | Pentahydroxychalcone 4'-O-glucoside | 449.1067 | 5.39 | M-H | Neg | C21H22O11 | 450.12 | 0.0000 | 2.597 | 1.545 | 0.545 | Increase |
57 | Phenyl methanol | 177.0528 | 4.97 | M+H_FANa | Pos | C7H8O | 108.14 | 0.0000 | 0.873 | 1.042 | 0.582 | Decrease |
58 | Phenylalanine | 164.0922 | 3.94 | M-H | Neg | C9H11NO2 | 165.19 | 0.0172 | 0.210 | 1.614 | 0.206 | Decrease |
59 | Phenylethylamine | 142.0635 | 4.08 | M-Na | Neg | C8H11N | 121.18 | 0.0106 | 1.667 | 1.057 | 1.802 | Increase |
60 | Quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside | 447.0914 | 5.04 | M-H | Neg | C21H20O11 | 448.38 | 0.0000 | 11.038 | 10.655 | 3.675 | Increase |
61 | Quercetin 3-sulfate | 426.9968 | 3.35 | M-FA | Neg | C15H10O10S | 382.30 | 0.0000 | 2.001 | 1.993 | 1.125 | Increase |
62 | Quercetin-3-rhamnoside-7-rhamnoside | 595.1655 | 5.24 | M-H | Neg | C27H32O15 | 596.17 | 0.0499 | 9.950 | 7.112 | 1.013 | Increase |
63 | Riboflavin | 443.1183 | 5.58 | M-FA-NaNa | Neg | C17H20N4O6 | 376.37 | 0.0081 | 1.864 | 0.941 | 0.641 | Increase |
64 | Salicyl alcohol | 147.0415 | 1.93 | M+H_Na | Pos | C7H8O2 | 124.14 | 0.4953 | 2.743 | 1.517 | 0.945 | Increase |
65 | Salicylate 2-O-beta-D-glucoside | 137.0241 | 7.29 | M-H | Neg | C7H6O3 | 138.12 | 0.0589 | 29.384 | 5.402 | 1.131 | Increase |
66 | Sinapaldehyde glucoside | 415.1247 | 5.68 | M-FA | Neg | C17H22O9 | 370.35 | 0.0000 | 0.679 | 1.097 | 0.903 | Decrease |
67 | Sinapoyl aldehyde | 369.1187 | 6.02 | M-H | Neg | C17H22O9 | 370.35 | 0.0687 | 5.986 | 2.775 | 1.837 | Increase |
68 | Sinapoyl malate | 385.0762 | 4.74 | M-FA | Neg | C15H16O9 | 338.27 | 0.0138 | 0.711 | 1.140 | 1.000 | Decrease |
69 | Sinapyl-alcohol | 299.0520 | 7.60 | M-FA-NaNa | Neg | C11H14O4 | 210.23 | 0.0000 | 1.499 | 1.694 | 1.006 | Increase |
70 | Sophoraflavanone G | 423.1834 | 5.39 | M-H | Neg | C25H28O6 | 424.49 | 0.0000 | 1.613 | 0.984 | 0.118 | Increase |
71 | Syringin | 409.0908 | 4.37 | M-K | Neg | C17H24O9 | 372.37 | 0.3814 | 0.897 | 6.358 | 0.636 | Decrease |
72 | Tryptophan | 205.0968 | 3.99 | M+H | Pos | C11H12N2O2 | 204.23 | 0.0002 | 5.459 | 2.043 | 1.410 | Increase |
These discriminating metabolites were identified based on OPLS-DA S-plots, all with p-values < 0.05 and VIP scores > 1.0. FC refers to fold change (5 d.p.i. vs. control); and B, S, and M refer to the BTT, SWT, and MHL cultivars, respectively.