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. 2019 Jan 10;10:109. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-08047-3

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Electrical transport of hot graphene electrons. a Gate-dependent conductance of the graphene device measured at different V_DS voltages. The elevated electronic temperature of graphene due to applied V_DS voltages results in the weaker variation of the conductance via electrostatic gating. b Theoretical calculation of the graphene conductance with different electronic temperatures. c The electron temperature of the graphene extracted from thermal emission spectra (red circles) and electrical transport model (blue diamonds)