Table 1.
Summary of the characteristics of CRC on the left or right side
| Characteristics | Left side | Right side | Author, ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Embryonic origin | Hindgut | Midgut | Minoo et al.28 Trosko et al.20 |
| Blood supply | Inferior mesenteric artery | Superior mesenteric artery | Lee et al.100 |
| Incidence at diagnosis* | 57.1%* | 42.9% | Meguid et al.101 |
| Clinical presentation | Poor defecation, obstruction, or hemafecia | Anemia, body weight loss, or cachexia | Lee et al.100 |
| Median size of primary tumor | 40.0 mm | 46.0 mm* | Meguid et al.101 |
| T stage | T1–2 (7.0%) T3 (76.6%) T4 (16.4%) |
T1–2 (4.5%) T3 (80.2%) T4 (15.3%) |
Missiaglia et al.102 |
| N stage | N0 (61.3%) N1 (26.3%) N2 (12.5%) |
N0 (60.4%) N1 (24.3%) N2 (15.4%)* |
Meguid et al.101 |
| Degree of differentiation | G1 (12.3%) G2 (74.5%) G3–4 (13.5%) |
G1 (9.5%) G2 (66.1%) G3–4 (24.5%)* |
Meguid et al.101 |
| Molecular subtypes | Canonical type and mesenchymal type | MSI-immune type and metabolic type | Guinney et al.2 |
| Molecular characteristics | p53 (43.0%)* CD44v6 (51.2%) BRAF(3.4%) KRAS (36.6%) PIK3CA (11.0%) MSI-high (7.0%) Chromosomal instable (75%) |
p53 (34.0%) CD44v6 (66.5%)* BRAF (15.7%)* KRAS (42.2%)ns PIK3CA (20.0%)* MSI-high (30.1%)* Chromosomal instable (30%) |
Soong et al.103 Minoo et al.28 Missiaglia et al.102 Shen et al.104 |
| Predominant TIL at TAM | FoxP3+ Treg (rectum) | CD8+ CTL | Berntsson et al.105 |
| Molecular pathways | MAPK/ERK Canonical Wnt |
MAPK/ERK CpG island methylation-related serrated pathway |
Missiaglia et al.102 |
| Survival after radical surgery | 5 years (59.7%)* 10 years (41.9%)* 15 years (29.5%)* |
5 years (56.3%) 10 years (37.8%) 15 years (24.5%) |
Meguid et al.101 |
| Survival after first-line chemotherapy (Clinical Trial: NO16966 and CRYSTAL) |
[FOLFOX4/XELOX]* (NO16966) Median PFS: 8.3 months; median OS: 22.0 months [FOLFIRI]* (CRYSTAL) Median PFS: 8.9 months; median OS: 21.7 months |
[FOLFOX4/XELOX] (NO16966) Median PFS: 7.0 months; median OS: 17.0 months [FOLFIRI] (CRYSTAL) Median PFS: 7.1 months; median OS: 15.0 months |
Loupakis et al.106 Tejpar et al.107 |
| Efficacy of chemotherapy plus anti-EGFR therapy (Clinical Trial: CRYSTAL) |
[FOLFIRI + cetuximab]* Median PFS: 12.0 months; median OS: 28.7 months |
[FOLFIRI + cetuximab] Median PFS: 8.1 months; median OS: 18.5 months |
Tejpar et al.107 |
| Efficacy of chemotherapy plus anti-angiogenic therapy (Clinical Trial: AVF2017g) |
[Chemotherapy + bevacizumab]* Median PFS: 11.1 months; median OS: 24.2 months |
[Chemotherapy + bevacizumab] Median PFS: 8.7 months; median OS: 15.9 months |
Loupakis et al.106 |
| Immunotherapy | Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 only for dMMR/MSI | Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 only for dMMR/MSI | Yu108 |
| Relapse pattern | Local (11.5%) Peritoneum (18.4%) Lung (19.2%) Liver (33.1%) Lymphatic node (12.3%) Other (5.4%) |
Local (8.8%) Peritoneum (21.8%) Lung (16.9%) Liver (26.7%) Lymphatic node (16.9%) Other (8.8%) |
Missiaglia et al.102 |
| Median OS | 89.0 monthsa | 78.0 months | Meguid et al.101 |
* Representing significantly high, p ≤ 0.05; ns: representing no significance among groups, p > 0.05
TIL tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, TAM tumor-associated microenvironment, Treg regulatory T cells, CTL cytotoxic T lymphocyte, CpG cytosine-phosphate-guanosine, PFS progression-free survival, OS overall survival, PD-1 programmed death 1, PD-L1 programmed death ligand-1
Bold values indicates registration number of the clinical trial