Fig. 3.

Pioglitazone increases serum adiponectin and liver AMPK activation and decreases liver MAPK signaling in the rat DEN model. a Serum adiponectin was measured in the rat DEN model. b Western blot analysis of phosphorylated (Thr172) 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (pAMPK)/total AMPK, phosphorylated (Thr202/Tyr204)-p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase MAPK (pErk1/2)/ total Erk1/2, phosphorylated (Thr183/Tyr185) c-Jun N-terminal kinase (pSAPK/JNK)/total SAPK/JNK, phosphorylated (Ser73) c-Jun/total c-Jun, phosphorylated (Thr180/Tyr182) p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (pP38)/total P38. Actin was used as a loading control. # p < 0.05 and ## p < 0.01 compared to PBS. * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 compared to DEN