FIG 1.
The ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway and the glyoxylate bypass for acetate assimilation. (A) Ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway. (B) Glyoxylate bypass. (C) Balanced equation for ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway and glyoxylate bypass. Enzymes catalyzing the reactions are abbreviated as follows: PhaA, ketothiolase; PhaB, acetoacetyl-CoA reductase; PhaC, polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase; CroR, crotonase (R-specific); HbdA, (S)-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase; CrtA, crotonase (S-specific); Ccr, crotonyl-CoA carboxylase/reductase; Epi, ethylmalonyl-CoA/methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase; Ecm, ethylmalonyl-CoA mutase; Msd, methylsuccinyl-CoA dehydrogenase; Mch, mesaconyl-CoA hydratase; Mcl-1, (3S)-malyl-CoA/β-methylmalyl-CoA lyase; Mcl2, (3S)-malyl-CoA thioesterase; PccAB, propionyl-CoA carboxylase; Mcm, methylmalonyl-CoA mutase; GltA, citrate synthase; AcnA, aconitase; AceA, isocitrate lyase; AceB, malate synthase; Sdh, succinate dehydrogenase; Fum, fumarase; Mdh, malate dehydrogenase. Pi, inorganic phosphate.