Table 2.
Current status of clinical trials of MRgHIFU treatment in neurological diseases
| Indication | Stage | Disease subtype | Target | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Essential tremor | Phase II | Unilateral Vim | One phase II trial published (NCT01827904) other phase II trials currently being conducted (NCT01827904, NCT02289560) and recruiting patients (NCT03253991) | |
| Parkinson’s disease | Phase I | Tremor-dominant | Unilateral Vim | Several trials published (NCT02252380 [37], NCT03300193 [102,128], NCT01772693 [10]) |
| Levodopa-induced dyskinesia | Unilateral GPi | Currently conducting trials and recruiting patients (NCT02347254, NCT02003248, NCT02263885, NCT03319485) | ||
| Akinesia-dominant | Unilateral STN | One phase I trial published (NCT02912871), currently conducting trials (NCT02246374) and recruiting patients (NCT03454425) | ||
| Psychiatric disease | Phase I | Major depressive disorder | Bilateral ALIC | Case report published and recruiting patients (NCT03421574, NCT02348411) |
| Obsessive-compulsive disorder | Bilateral ALIC | One phase I trial published currently conducting trials (NCT01986296) and recruiting patients (NCT03156335) | ||
| Pain syndrome | Phase I | Neuropathic pain | Central lateral thalamic nucleus | One published [54] and continuing to recruit patients (NCT03255395) |
| Trigeminal neuropathic pain | Bilateral medial thalamic nucleus | Currently recruiting patients (NCT03309813) | ||
| Epilepsy | Phase I | Secondary epilepsy due to subcortical lesion | Subcortical lesion | Currently recruiting patients (NCT02804230) |
| Generalized | Anterior thalamic nucleus | Currently recruiting patients (NCT03417297) | ||
| Brain tumor ablation | Phase I | Malignant | One study completed (NCT01698437) and now recruiting patients (NCT01473485, CT00147056) | |
| Benign | Centrally located | Now recruiting patients (NCT03028246) | ||
| Thrombolysis/intracerebral hemorrhage | Preclinical | Swine and cadaveric models demonstrated feasibility of ICH liquefaction [85] | ||
| CSF diversion | Preclinical | Floor of third ventricle | Providing proof-of-principle of MRgHIFUS- mediated third ventriculostomy [4] |
MRgHIFU : magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound, Vim : ventral intermediate nucleus, GPi : globus pallidus interna, STN : subthalamic nucleus, ALIC : anterior limb of internal capsule, ICH : intracerebral hemorrhage, CSF : cerebrospinal fluid