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. 2019 Jan 10;10:10. doi: 10.1186/s13287-018-1103-y

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — Initial cell number during aggregation regulates chondrogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived MSCs. Alcian Blue staining of pellet sections grown in the absence a and presence b of TGF-β1 after 7 and 21 days of differentiation. The insets show the low magnification image. c Bern score associated with each MSC aggregates differentiated in the presence and absence of TGF-β1 at different time points determined from Alcian Blue staining of pellets. Statistical analysis is based on a one-way ANOVA tool of OriginPro. Error bar represents standard deviation, and different aggregates in one group are compared to 70 k in the same group (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001). d Macroscopic images of pellets in the presence and absence of TGF-β1