Table 2.
Clinical characteristics of the ICU patients, according to study period
| Variable | Baseline period | Period 1 | Period 2 | Period 3 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| General characteristics | |||||
| Patients (no.) | 74 | 187 | 222 | 146 | |
| Age (yr), mean ± SD | 63 ± 17 | 62 ± 18 | 61 ± 18 | 63 ± 19 | 0.869 |
| Male sex (%) | 52(70.3%) | 114(61%) | 134(60.4%) | 90(61.6%) | 0.476 |
| APACHEII score, mean ± SD | 15 ± 7 | 15 ± 7 | 16 ± 8 | 19 ± 9 | 0.001 |
| Chronic disease | |||||
| Malignancy(%) | 29(39.2%) | 90(48.1%) | 108(48.6%) | 59(40.4%) | 0.249 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(%) | 3(4.1%) | 6(3.2%) | 13(5.9%) | 8(5.5%) | 0.591 |
| Diabetes(%) | 12(16.2%) | 24(12.8%) | 35(15.8%) | 20(13.7%) | 0.811 |
| Hypertension(%) | 14(18.9%) | 55(29.4%) | 60(27%) | 54(37%) | 0.035 |
| Coronary heart disease(%) | 5(6.8%) | 10(5.3%) | 19(8.6%) | 7(4.8%) | 0.454 |
| Organ failure | |||||
| Congestive heart failure(%) | 4(5.4%) | 8(4.3%) | 26(11. 7%) | 19(13%) | 0.011 |
| Acute respiratory failure(%) | 12(16.2%) | 51(27.3%) | 72(32.4%) | 66(45.2%) | P < 0.001 |
| Acute renal injury(%) | 16(21.6%) | 41(21.9%) | 50(22.5%) | 46(31.5%) | 0.147 |
| Acute gastrointestinal injury (%) | 5(6.80%) | 25(13.4%) | 25(11.3%) | 33(22.6%) | 0.003 |
| Hepatic insufficiency(%) | 6(8.1%) | 20(10.7%) | 26(11.7%) | 26(17.8%) | 0.123 |
| Exposure to antimicrobial therapy before CRKP colonization/infection | |||||
| Carbapenem | 44(59.5%) | 99(52.9%) | 115(51.8%) | 94(64.4%) | 0.078 |
| Cephalosporin antibiotics | 56(75.7%) | 135(72.7%) | 177(79.7%) | 94(64.4%) | 0.012 |
| Sulbactam/ cefoperazone | 12(16.2%) | 29(15.5%) | 43(19.4%) | 27(18.5%) | 0.749 |
| Mechanical ventilation before CRKP colonization/infection | |||||
| Tracheal intubation | 63(85.1%) | 162(86.6%) | 197(88.7) | 110(75.3%) | 0.004 |
| Tracheotomy | 11(4.9%) | 22(11.8%) | 23(10.8%) | 25(17.1%) | 0.318 |
| Days of mechanical ventilation, days, mean ± SD | 7 ± 14 | 7 ± 20 | 5 ± 14 | 10 ± 23 | 0.104 |
| Surgery or invasive devices before CRKP colonization/infection | |||||
| Surgery | 61(82.4%) | 160(85.6%) | 179(80.6%) | 103(70.5%) | 0.007 |
| Central line catheter | 71(95.9%) | 165(88.2%) | 180(81.1%) | 113(72.4%) | P < 0.001 |
| Thoracentesis | 9(12.2%) | 17(9.1%) | 23(10.4%) | 24(16.4%) | 0.184 |
| Abdominal paracentesis | 5(6.8%) | 25(13.4%) | 21(9.5%) | 18(12.3%) | 0.356 |
| Continuous renal replacement therapy | 1(1.4%) | 26(13.9%) | 22(9.9%) | 19(13%) | 0.022 |
| Indwelling urinary catheter | 70(94.6%) | 182(97.3%) | 218(98.2%) | 135(92.5%) | 0.027 |