Table 2.
Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of type 2 diabetes associated with different levels of RBP4
| Variables | Quartiles of RBP4 | P for trend* | Per 1 log increment | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | |||
| Total | ||||||
| Median (range) | 19 (11–22) | 24 (22–26) | 30 (26–33) | 38 (33–77) | ||
| Cases/controls | 125/143 | 121/143 | 149/143 | 176/143 | ||
| Model 1† | 1.00 | 0.92 (0.60–1.41) | 1.34 (0.89–2.02) | 1.69 (1.09–2.62) | 0.004 | 2.09 (1.20–3.64) |
| Model 2‡ | 1.00 | 0.70 (0.42–1.18) | 1.12 (0.68–1.84) | 1.23 (0.73–2.07) | 0.14 | 1.38 (0.71–2.65) |
| Men | ||||||
| Median (range) | 21 (14–25) | 27 (25–30) | 32 (30–34) | 40 (35–76) | ||
| Cases/controls | 67/59 | 53/59 | 48/59 | 68/59 | ||
| Model 1† | 1.00 | 0.55 (0.27–1.11) | 0.57 (0.29–1.12) | 0.94 (0.47–1.86) | 0.81 | 1.04 (0.42–2.54) |
| Model 2‡ | 1.00 | 0.37 (0.16–0.86) | 0.53 (0.24–1.16) | 0.63 (0.27–1.45)§ | 0.65 | 0.63 (0.21–1.84) |
| Women | ||||||
| Median (range) | 18 (11–21) | 23 (21–24) | 27 (24–30) | 36 (30–77) | ||
| Cases/controls | 58/84 | 68/84 | 101/84 | 108/83 | ||
| Model 1† | 1.00 | 1.41 (0.79–2.51) | 2.55 (1.46–4.48) | 2.59 (1.41–4.75) | 0.001 | 3.46 (1.66–7.20) |
| Model 2‡ | 1.00 | 1.17 (0.55–2.50) | 2.43 (1.15–5.12) | 2.29 (1.05–5.00)§ | 0.018 | 2.78 (1.09–7.14) |
*Linear trend was tested by using the median level of each quartile of RBP4
†Model 1: adjusted for age at blood taken (continuous), smoking status (never, past, and current smoker), alcohol intake (never, weekly or daily), weekly moderate-to-vigorous activity levels (<0.5, 0.5-3.9, and ≥4.0 hours/week), education level (primary school and below, secondary or above), history of hypertension (yes, no), fasting status (yes, no), and body mass index (continuous);
‡Model 2: Model 1 plus hs-CRP (mg/L), TG (mmol/L), HDL-C (mmol/L), and ALT (IU/L) (all in quartiles).
§P-interaction, men vs. women =0.032 in Model 2.
Abbreviations: ALT alanine aminotransferase, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hs-CRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, RBP4 retinol binding protein 4, TG triglycerides