a, Immunoblot analysis of NLRP3, AIM2 and Polγ in shCtrl-or specific shRNA-transduced BMDMs. Data are typical of three separate experiments. b, Amounts of IL-1β in culture supernatants of LPS-primed TfamΔMye BMDMs that were transfected with mtDNA, methylated mtDNA, ox-mtDNA, and methylated ox-mtDNA. All mtDNAs were 90-bp long and of an identical sequence. Data are mean ± s.d. (n = 3 biological replicates). c, Representative fluorescent microscopy images of wild-type BMDMs that were co-stained for 8-OH-dG, ASC and DAPI before and after stimulation with LPS plus the indicated inflammasome activators. Results are typical of three independent experiments. Scale bars, 5 μm.