Table 3.

Theoretical constructs and behavioral strategies identified in the reviews of qualitative studies and the mapped behavior change techniques from the behavior change technique taxonomy.

Theoretical constructs and behavioral strategies		Behavior change techniques
Theoretical construct
	Attitude	Anticipated regret, framing or reframing, information about health consequences, and pros and cons.
	Identity	Identity associated with changed behavior, identification of self as a role model, incompatible beliefs, and valued self-identity.
	Medication-related concerns	Adding objects to the environment, anticipated regret, behavioral experiments, comparative imagining of future outcomes, conserving mental resources, credible source, demonstration of behavior, feedback on outcome(s) of behavior, framing or reframing, habit formation, information about emotional consequences, information about health consequences, information about social and environmental consequences, instruction on how to perform the behavior, monitoring of emotional consequences, problem solving, prompts or cues, pros and cons, reduce negative emotions, restructuring the physical environment, salience of consequences, self-monitoring of outcome(s) of behavior, social support - emotional, social support - practical, and social support - unspecified.
	Motivation	Anticipated regret, framing or reframing, salience of consequences, and self-talk.
	Necessity beliefs	Anticipated regret, behavioral practice or rehearsal, comparative imagining of future outcomes, feedback on outcome(s) of behavior, framing or reframing, information about emotional consequences, information about health consequences, information about social and environmental consequences, habit formation, pros and cons, salience of consequences, self-monitoring of behavior, and self-monitoring of outcome(s) of behavior.
	Negative emotions	Framing or reframing, information about emotional consequences, monitoring of emotional consequences, reattribution, reducing negative emotions, social support - emotional, and verbal persuasion about capability.
	Patient-physician relationship and communication	Credible source, framing or reframing, information about health consequences, social support - emotional, and social support - practical.
	Perceived barriers	Avoidance or reducing exposure to cues for the behavior, conserving mental resources, credible source, demonstration of the behavior, framing or reframing, habit formation, identification of self as a role model, information about antecedents, information about emotional consequences, information about health consequences, information about others’ approval, information about social and environmental consequences, instruction on how to perform the behavior, problem solving, prompts or cues, reducing negative emotions, restructuring the social environment, salience of consequences, social support - practical, social support - unspecified, and valued self-identity.
	Perceived behavioral control	Anticipated regret, behavioral practice or rehearsal, focus on past success, framing or reframing, information about antecedents, mental rehearsal of successful performance, reattribution, social support - unspecified, and verbal persuasion about capability.
	Perceived benefits	Anticipated regret, comparative imagining of future outcomes, feedback on outcomes of behavior, framing or reframing, incompatible beliefs, information about emotional consequences, information about health consequences, information about others’ approval, information about social and environmental consequences, and pros and cons.
	Perceived seriousness	Anticipated regret, comparative imagining of future outcomes, feedback on outcome(s) of behavior, framing or reframing, information about emotional consequences, information about health consequences, information about others’ approval, information about social and environmental consequences, and pros and cons.
	Perceived susceptibility	Anticipated regret, comparative imagining of future outcomes, information about health consequences, pros and cons, and reattribution.
	Regimen complexity	Conserving mental resources, habit formation, problem solving, and prompts or cues.
	Response efficacy	Anticipated regret, credible source, feedback on outcome(s) of behavior, information about health consequences, pros and cons, and self-monitoring of outcome(s) of behavior.
	Self-efficacy	Behavioral practice or rehearsal, feedback on outcome(s) of behavior, focus on past success, graded tasks, identification of self as a role model, information about others’ approval, mental rehearsal of successful performance, monitoring of emotional consequences, reduce negative emotions, self-talk, social reward, social support - emotional, and verbal persuasion about capability.
	Social comparison	Anticipated regret, comparative imagining of future outcomes, information about others’ approval, social comparison, social support - emotional, social support - practical, and social support -unspecified.
	Social context (support, influence, and stigma)	Avoidance or reducing exposure to cues for the behavior, credible source, demonstration of the behavior, generalization of a target behavior, identification of self as role model, incompatible beliefs, information about antecedents, information about health consequences, information about others’ approval, restructuring the social environment, social comparison, social support - emotional, social support - practical, social support - unspecified, and valued self-identity.
Behavioral strategy
	Coping with side effects	Anticipated regret, information about health consequences, problem solving, social support - emotional, social support - practical, and reattribution.
	Credible source	Credible source.
	Demonstration of the behavior	Demonstration of the behavior.
	Habits	Action planning, behavioral practice or rehearsal, generalization of target behavior, graded tasks, habit formation, and habit reversal.
	Health-related information and knowledge	Action planning, credible source, information about emotional consequences, information about health consequences, information about social and environmental consequences, instruction on how to perform the behavior, reattribution, salience of consequences, and social support - practical.
	Problem solving	Action planning and problem solving.
	Prompts and reminders	Adding objects to the environment, prompts or cues, and restructuring the physical environment.
	Self-adjustment and experimentation with medication dose and frequency	Anticipated regret, behavioral experiments, comparative imagining of future outcomes, framing or reframing, generalization of a target behavior, information about health consequences, reattribution, problem solving, pros and cons, self-monitoring of behavior, and self-monitoring of outcome(s) of behavior.
	Self-management strategies	Behavioral practice or rehearsal, generalization of a target behavior, graded tasks, and habit formation.
	Self-monitoring of outcome(s) of behavior	Behavioral experiments, feedback on outcome(s) of behavior, self-monitoring of behavior, and self-monitoring of outcome(s) of behavior.
	Self-monitoring of symptoms	Information about health consequences, self-monitoring of behavior, and self-monitoring of outcome(s) of behavior.
	Tailoring care plan	Action planning, information about health consequences, graded tasks, and problem solving.