Table 4.
In the PD group, association between (a) presence of MCI at baseline and (i) VRS score (ii) WMH (root transformed) in the PD group and (results are from multivariable logistic regression models that include age at baseline, sex, education, and disease duration as covariates) (b) individual cognitive test scores and (i) VRS score (ii) WMH (root transformed) (results are from multivariable linear regression models that include age at baseline, sex, education, and disease duration as covariates). 95%CI=95% Confidence Interval. HVLT=Hopkins Verbal Learning Task. JOLO=Judgement of Line Orientation. LNS=Letter number sequencing. MCI=mild cognitive impairment. MoCA=Montreal Cognitive Assessment. SDMT=Symbol Digit Modality. VRS=Vascular Risk Score. WM=white matter. WMH=White Matter Hyperintensity.
| (a) |
Cognitive Variable |
VRS (OR; 95%CI; p-value) |
WMH Measure (OR; 95%CI; p-value) | |||||
| Total Brain | Global WM | Frontal WM | Temporal WM | Parietal WM | Occipital WM | |||
| MCI | 1 10; 1.0, 1.25; 0.144 | 1.05; 1.0, 1.17; 0.404 | 1.05; 1.0, 1.19; 0.372 | 1 03, 0.90, 1 19; 0.633 | 1 09; 0.95, 1.24; 0.217 | 1 06; 0.91, 1.24; 0.425 | 1 08; 0.91, 1.27; 0.379 | |
| (b) |
Cognitive Variable |
VRS (β; 95%CI; adjusted R2; p- value) |
WMH Measure (β; 95%CI; adjusted R2; p-value) | |||||
| Total Brain | Global WM | Frontal WM | Temporal WM | Parietal WM | Occipital WM | |||
| MoCA | 0.014; −0.110, 0.1388; 0.823 | 0.054; −0.021, 0129; 0.034; 0.154) | 0.050; −0.029. 0.129; 0.031; 0212) | 0.088: −.005, 0.181; 0.025; 0.065) | −0.033; −0.133; 0.066; 0.023; 0.508) | −0.002: −0.110, 0.107; 0.019; 0.977) | 0.056; −0.049, 0.161; 0.028; 0.293) | |
|
HLVT delayed |
−0.121; −0.243, 0.001; 0.051 |
−0.079; −0.153, −0.004; 0.111; 0.038) |
−0.083; −0.160, −0.005; 0.111; 0.038) | −0.081; −0.174, 0.012; 0.102; 0.089) | −0.124; −0.222, −0.026; 0.155; 0.013) | −0.111; −0.218, −0.004; 0.142; 0.043) | −0.046; −0.151, 0.059; 0.120; 0.388) | |
|
HLVT recognition |
−0.0256; −0.0910, 0.040; 0.439 | −0.052; −0.091, −0.013; 0.155; 0.009) | −0.056; −0.097, −0.015; 0.157; 0.008) | −0.059; −0.107, −0.010; 0.115; 0.019) | −0.112; −0.161, −0.063; 0.227; <0.001) | −0.080; −0.135, −0.024; 0.130; 0.006) | −0.018, −0.−74, 0.038; 0.080; 0.523) | |
| JOLO | −0.090; −0.308, 0.129; 0.420 | −0.030; −0.164, 0.103; 0.131; 0.655) | −0.036; −0176, 0.104; 0.132; 0.614) | −0.058; −0.225, 0.109, 0.133; 0.495) | −0.138; −0.314, 0.038, 0.145; 0124) | 0.007, −0.186, 0.199, 0.130; 0.947) | −0.010; −0.198, 0.177; 0.130; 0.913) | |
| LNS | −0.022, −0.154, 0.110; 0.744 | 0.001, −0.079, 0.081; 0.187; 0.977) | −0.006; −0.091, 0.078; 0.187; 0.882) | 0.018. −0.083, 0.118; 0.188, 0.726) | −0.079; −0.185, 0.026, 0.200; 0.140) | −0.037; −0.153, 0.079; 0.189; 0.528) | −0.090, −0.201, 0.022; 0.202; 0.115) | |
|
Semantic fluency |
−0.256; −0.845, 0.332; 0.390 | −0.060; −0.419, 0.299; 0.211; 0.740) | −0.044; −0.421, 0.334; 0210, 0.820) | −0108; −0.557, 0.341, 0.211; 0.635) | −0.052; −0.529, 0.424; 0.210; 0.828) | −0.117; −0.635, 0.401; 0.211; 0.655) | −0.149; −0.652, 0.353; 0.212; 0.558) | |
|
Verbal fluency |
0.207; −0.080, 0.495; 0.157 | 0.036; −0.140, 0.212, 0.046, 0.685) | 0.037; −0.148, 0.222; 0.046; 0.695) | 0.121; −0.098, 0.340, 0.054; 0.278) | −0.092; −0.325, 0.141, 0.049; 0.437) | −0.099 –0.353, 0.155; 0.049, 0.441) | −0.146, −0.392, 0.100; 0.055; 0.242) | |
| SDMT | 0.318, −0.141, 0.776; 0.173 | 0.063, −0.218, 0.344; 0.259, 0.659) | 0.079, −0.217, 0.374, 0.260; 0.600) | 0.204, −0.146, 0.554, 0.265; 0.251) | −0.180; −0.552, 0.192, 0.263, 0.340) | −0.157; −0.562, 0.248; 0.261; 0.445) | 0.077; −0.317, 0.471; 0.259, 0.700) | |
data missing for 1 participant who didn’t complete baseline cognitive testing