Table 2.
Characteristics of the study cohort for both exposures (LOS and EDV)
| Total | Total | LOS > 5 h | EDV > 95th‰ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | n | % | |
| 2,344,572 | 100 | 362,717 | 100 | 92,524 | 100 | |
| Gender | ||||||
| Female | 1,221,065 | 52.1 | 187,958 | 51.8 | 49,320 | 53.3 |
| Male | 1,123,507 | 47.9 | 174,759 | 48.2 | 43,204 | 46.7 |
| Age class | ||||||
| 18–30 | 483,459 | 20.6 | 49,791 | 13.7 | 19,213 | 20.8 |
| 31–50 | 911,648 | 38.9 | 116,160 | 32.0 | 35,389 | 38.2 |
| 51–70 | 574,012 | 24.5 | 101,924 | 28.1 | 22,909 | 24.8 |
| > 70 | 375,453 | 16.0 | 94,842 | 26.1 | 15,013 | 16.2 |
| Triage | ||||||
| Yellow | 446,107 | 19.0 | 140,146 | 38.6 | 22,065 | 23.8 |
| Green | 1,778,033 | 75.8 | 216,770 | 59.8 | 66,968 | 72.4 |
| White | 120,432 | 5.1 | 5,801 | 1.6 | 3,491 | 3.8 |
| Weekend/holiday | ||||||
| Yes | 705,576 | 30.1 | 97,346 | 26.8 | 13,813 | 14.9 |
| No | 1,638,996 | 69.9 | 265,371 | 73.2 | 78,711 | 85.1 |
| Time band of access | ||||||
| 8:00–15:00 | 1,317,126 | 56.2 | 201,563 | 55.6 | 52,231 | 56.5 |
| 16:00–23:00 | 796,187 | 34.0 | 112,198 | 30.9 | 31,075 | 33.6 |
| 00:00–7:00 | 231,259 | 9.9 | 48,956 | 13.5 | 9,218 | 10.0 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| Malignant cancers | 92,070 | 3.9 | 21,620 | 6.0 | 3,638 | 3.9 |
| Diabetes | 78,409 | 3.3 | 21,552 | 5.9 | 3,163 | 3.4 |
| Obesity | 26,703 | 1.1 | 6,020 | 1.7 | 1113 | 1.2 |
| Hematological diseases | 71,081 | 3.0 | 18,977 | 5.2 | 2928 | 3.2 |
| Hypertension | 257,559 | 11.0 | 66,676 | 18.4 | 10,127 | 10.9 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 83,735 | 3.6 | 25,956 | 7.2 | 3348 | 3.6 |
| Heart failure | 41,635 | 1.8 | 13,512 | 3.7 | 1639 | 1.8 |
| Arrhythmias | 126,129 | 5.4 | 36,379 | 10.0 | 5073 | 5.5 |
| Cerebrovascular diseases | 74,815 | 3.2 | 21,640 | 6.0 | 3089 | 3.3 |
| Vascular diseases | 43,478 | 1.9 | 11,820 | 3.3 | 1727 | 1.9 |
| COPD | 64,442 | 2.7 | 18,121 | 5.0 | 2565 | 2.8 |
| Chronic diseases (liver, pancreas, intestine) | 37,882 | 1.6 | 9013 | 2.5 | 1497 | 1.6 |
| Anemia and coagulopathy | 52,738 | 2.2 | 14,429 | 4.0 | 2205 | 2.4 |
| Others | 168,070 | 7.2 | 46,091 | 12.7 | 6700 | 7.2 |
| Symptoms | ||||||
| Nervous system | 30,040 | 1.3 | 8370 | 2.3 | 1233 | 1.3 |
| Abdominal pain | 151,043 | 6.4 | 38,274 | 10.6 | 5649 | 6.1 |
| Chest pain | 63,476 | 2.7 | 31,840 | 8.8 | 2796 | 3.0 |
| Dyspnea | 25,080 | 1.1 | 7441 | 2.1 | 968 | 1.0 |
| Nontraumatic hemorrhage | 28,964 | 1.2 | 4142 | 1.1 | 1158 | 1.3 |
| Trauma or burns | 856,762 | 36.5 | 74,174 | 20.4 | 35,484 | 38.4 |
| Poisoning, allergic reaction | 18,942 | 0.8 | 2258 | 0.6 | 675 | 0.7 |
| Fever | 23,862 | 1.0 | 5615 | 1.5 | 945 | 1.0 |
| Heart rhythm, hypertension | 37,675 | 1.6 | 11,078 | 3.1 | 1541 | 1.7 |
| Eye, ear, nose, skin | 119,725 | 5.1 | 4454 | 1.2 | 4749 | 5.1 |
| Genitourinary and obstetric | 144,782 | 6.2 | 8896 | 2.5 | 6306 | 6.8 |
| Others | 843,327 | 36.0 | 166,072 | 45.8 | 30,980 | 33.5 |
| Administrative issue | 894 | 0.0 | 103 | 0.0 | 40 | 0.0 |
| Number of previous visits | ||||||
| 0 | 594,378 | 25.4 | 92,495 | 25.5 | 23,638 | 25.5 |
| 1–3 | 1049,707 | 44.8 | 159,078 | 43.9 | 41,424 | 44.8 |
| 4–6 | 387,426 | 16.5 | 60,069 | 16.6 | 15,239 | 16.5 |
| > 6 | 313,061 | 13.4 | 51,075 | 14.1 | 12,223 | 13.2 |