Fig. 4.

The protective effect of naloxone is associated with the inhibition of NF-κB activation by suppressing the NIK/IKKα pathway. a Excised ischemic penumbras were analyzed for the expression of the indicated proteins by immunoblot 12 h after naloxone treatment. b–e Quantitative analysis of changes in the protein levels of IκBα, p-IKKα, p-IKKβ, and p-NIK. The data are normalized to the loading control GAPDH and are expressed as a percentage of that of the sham-operated animals (mean ± SEM, n = 3); ^*P < 0.05; ^**P < 0.01; ^***P < 0.001. ns not significant