Fig. 1.

Electronic and optical properties of SrTiO₃. a Schematic measurement setup for the characterization of SrTiO₃ (STO) photodetector with half supported configuration. Keithley 2001 digital multimeter (DMM) equipped with a 2001-TCSCAN scanner card is utilized to record the photovoltage and the temperature variations. b Absorption spectrum of reduced STO (r-STO), which is annealed at 900 °C for 4 h under H₂ atmosphere. c Voltage across the r-STO versus the corresponding temperature difference to determine the room-temperature Seebeck coefficient (S) of r-STO. The red line is the linear fit to the experimental data. And the resulting coefficient of determination (R²) is 0.999