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. 2018 May 21;26(2):213–228. doi: 10.1038/s41418-018-0124-5

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© The Authors 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — NLRP3 deficiency attenuates MPTP-induced microglial recruitment and caspase-1 activation in the SN of mouse brain. a Representative immunofluorescence image of the SN in mouse brain sections stained with anti-Iba1 antibody (red). DAPI represents the nuclear signal (blue). Scale bars, 200 μm. Magnified immunofluorescence images of the boxed areas in the middle panel are displayed in the right panel. b Quantification of relative Iba1-positive cells per DAPI in confocal images of PBS- or MPTP-treated Nlrp3^+/+ or Nlrp3^−/− mice (n = 4). c, d Quantification of IL-1β (c) or IL-6 (d) mRNA levels in the SN of PBS- or MPTP-treated Nlrp3^+/+ or Nlrp3^−/− mice. (Nlrp3^+/+ mice, PBS (n = 9), MPTP (n = 9 (c) or 8 (d)); Nlrp3^−/− mice, PBS (n = 7), MPTP (n = 9)). e Representative immunofluorescence image of brain sections containing SN stained with FLICA. DAPI represents the nuclear signal. Scale bars, 200 μm. f Representative immunofluorescence image of substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) regions of PBS- or MPTP-treated Nlrp3^+/+ or Nlrp3^−/− mice stained with anti-ASC antibody (green). DAPI represents the nuclear signal. Scale bars (white), 50 μm. Enlarged immunofluorescence images of SNr regions of MPTP-treated Nlrp3^+/+ mice were displayed in the right panel. Scale bars (red), 10 μm. Red arrows indicate ASC specks. Data were expressed as the mean ± SEM. Asterisks indicate significant differences (**P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, n.s. not significant)