A. Among all primary NSCLC patients (n=288,670), 18% of patients received surgery, 4% combined surgery and radiotherapy, 32% radiotherapy, and 45% neither surgery nor radiotherapy. Overall, the proportion of NSCLC patients receiving radiation (32%) is almost double that receiving surgery (18%). B-E. Survival plots for NSCLC patients (n=288,670) between treatment types show that, across all stages, NSCLC treated with radiotherapy is associated with greater OS than NSCLC treated without surgery or radiation. While surgical treatment is correlated with the greatest OS across all stages of NSCLC, the survival distribution of combined surgery and radiation treatment begins to match that of surgery for patients with stage II/III NSCLC.