Table 3.

Extract of stakeholder experience for the eight levels of data use maturity.

Maturity level for data use	Stakeholder experience description
Level 8: Orchestrated	The clinical and patient experiences can be molded not only to the role of the person but to their location, who is around them, and the requirements of the individual clinician or patient. The patient can be dynamically guided to where their next appointment is, advised if the appointment is running late, and prompted just before the doctor is ready to see them. They can be delivered educational material at the most appropriate time as well as advice on support services they may need as they exit the hospital. These types of services can come to their bedside terminal if they are a patient or to their personal phone if they are an inpatient. The same types of customized services can be delivered to clinical and operational staff in the hospital, enabling them to better manage their tasks and access the most important information or people they require for the task at hand.
Level 7: Contextualized	The clinical information is now customized to specific roles. There is a high level of data interoperability between clinical systems, and clinicians can get a single pane view of the patient. Task management and alerts are available and implemented according to operational and model of care requirements. Task management and alerts are closed loop, that is, there are escalation paths when tasks and alerts are not appropriately processed. Tasks and alerts are sent directly to the required individual’s mobile device rather than to their desktop. Patients can access information at their bedside terminal, which is customized to the individual patient’s needs. This includes building services such as catering, lighting, temperature, and other support services. Patient and staff needs can be centrally monitored and support delivered as required either from the nursing station or a centralized service delivery hub.
Level 2: Tactical	The hospital is starting to use information technology for clinical purposes. They have several clinical applications that are not linked (typically patient administration system [PAS], pharmacy, pathology, and radiology), and the network has sufficient speed to support these applications where they are required. There is a recognition of the importance of their PAS, and there are robust disaster recovery processes in place. The clinical applications are not always available to the clinical staff. Ordering results and general reporting are via paper and forms. The PAS system provides the central information resource. The information from the PAS is limited to a restricted number of operational and clinical staff. The requirements of the biometric devices in the facility have driven the deployment of data grade wireless where it is clinically required. The voice communications process is seen as an increasingly important element of clinical collaboration, and there is basic Internet Protocol telephony with a full featured console.
Level 1: Administrative	Hospitals do not use information technology for clinical use in any significant fashion. They do use information technologies for operational and financial purposes. These hospitals are paper-based in their clinical processes. They use fax, mail, and desk phones for communication and collaboration. Ordering and reporting are via forms. Information retrieval is via paper patient notes and internal paper courier services.