. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jan 12.

Published in final edited form as: Curr Urol Rep. 2015 May;16(5):30. doi: 10.1007/s11934-015-0505-y

Table 1.

Comparison of the different techniques used in LN staging

Technique	Mechanism	Current Status
Conventional CT	Anatomical, using RECIST	Low sensitivity
Conventional MRI	Anatomical, using RECIST	Low sensitivity
MRI-USPIO	Iron affinity of normal subcapsular macrophages	Ferumoxytol and ferumoxtran-10; currently undergoing clinical trials
PET/CT-FDG	Inc. glucose metabolism inc. GLUT-1 receptor	+ve cases PSA mean=9.5; -ve cases PSA mean=2.1
PET/CT-choline	Upregulation of choline kinase	Strong specificity; strong for PSA >4 ng/mL
PET/CT-PSMA	Antibody binding to intracellular domain of PSMA	Strong sensitivity and specificity, undergoing clinical trials
PET/CT-FDHT	Based on androgen receptor expression	Limited published data
PET/CT-FACBC	not fully defined possibly dependent on amino acid transporters (ASCT2 & LAT1)	+ve cases PSA mean=9.5; -ve cases PSA mean=1.96
PET/CT-acetate	Fatty acid metabolism requiring acetate	High false positive rate