Table 1:
Characteristics of participants and HIV transmission risk behaviors, stratified by non-disclosure of HIV status
| Variables | Entire Sample (N = 133) |
Non-Disclosure of HIV Status |
OR g (95% CI h) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frequency (%) | No (n = 102) | Yes (n = 31) | |||
| Characteristics of participants | |||||
| Age: Mean (±SD) a | 49.3 (±8.3) | 50.4 (7.6) | 45.4 (9.5) | 0.932 (0.887, 0.979) | 0.005 |
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 78 (58.6) | 62 (46.6) | 16 (12.0) | - | - |
| Female | 55 (41.4) | 40 (30.1) | 15 (11.3) | 1.453 (0.647, 3.263) | 0.365 |
| Heterosexual sexual orientation | |||||
| No | 102 (76.7) | 15 (11.3) | 11 (8.3) | - | - |
| Yes | 31 (23.3) | 87 (65.4) | 20 (15.0) | 0.313 (0.125, 0.785) | 0.013 |
| Ethnicity | |||||
| YesNon-white | 95 (71.4) | 75 (56.4) | 20 (15.0) | - | - |
| YesWhite | 38 (28.6) | 27 (20.3) | 11 (8.3) | 1.528 (0.648, 3.600) | 0.333 |
| Currently married | |||||
| No | 118 (88.7) | 91 (68.4) | 27 (20.3) | - | - |
| Yes | 15 (11.3) | 11 (8.3) | 4 (3.0) | 1.226 (0.361, 4.161) | 0.744 |
| High school graduate | |||||
| No | 60 (45.1) | 44 (33.1) | 16 (12.0) | - | - |
| Yes | 73 (54.9) | 58 (43.6) | 15 (11.3) | 0.711 (0.318, 1.592) | 0.407 |
| Employed | |||||
| No | 127 (95.5) | 97 (72.9) | 30 (22.6) | - | - |
| Yes | 6 (4.5) | 5 (3.8) | 1 (0.8) | 0.647 (0.073, 5.753) | 0.696 |
| Income level | |||||
| < $10,000 | 113 (85.0) | 86 (64.7) | 27 (20.3) | - | - |
| ≥ $10,000 | 20 (15.0) | 16 (12.0) | 4 (3.0) | 0.796 (0.245, 2.586) | 0.705 |
| Living with family/friends | |||||
| No | 78 (58.6) | 57 (42.9) | 21 (15.8) | - | - |
| Yes | 55 (41.4) | 45 (33.8) | 10 (7.5) | 0.603 (0.258, 1.409) | 0.068 |
| Methadone dose: Mean (±SD) a | 64.5 (±39.1) a | 66.7 (38.6) | 56.2 (40.5) | 0.993 (0.982, 1.004) | 0.218 |
| HIV diagnosis duration (Years): Mean (±SD) a | 14.1 (±9.6) | 14.8 (9.8) | 11.9 (8.6) | 0.968 (0.927, 1.011) | 0.094 |
| Taking ART b | |||||
| No | 12 (9.0) | 8 (6.0) | 4 (3.0) | - | - |
| Yes | 121 (91.0) | 94 (70.7) | 27 (20.3) | 0.574 (0.161, 2.054) | 0.394 |
| Optimal ART adherence c | n = 121 | ||||
| No | 44 (33.1) | 36 (29.8) | 8 (6.6) | - | - |
| Yes | 77 (57.9) | 58 (47.9) | 19 (15.7) | 1.474 (0.585, 3.717) | 0.411 |
| Virally suppressed d | n = 112 | ||||
| No | 22 (19.6) | 14 (12.5) | 8 (7.1) | - | - |
| Yes | 90 (80.4) | 73 (65.2) | 17 (15.2) | 0.408 (0.147, 1.126) | 0.083 |
| High CD4 count e | n = 114 | ||||
| No | 55 (48.2) | 44 (38.6) | 11 (9.6) | - | - |
| Yes | 59 (51.8) | 45 (39.5) | 14 (12.3) | 1.244 (0.510, 3.038) | 0.631 |
| HIV risk reduction related | |||||
| Information: Mean (±SD) | 3.1 (±0.7) | 3.8 (0.5) | 3.6 (0.7) | 0.759 (0.431, 1.337) | 0.340 |
| Motivation: Mean (±SD) | 27.4 (±4.0) | 27.3 (4.1) | 27.6 (4.1) | 1.016 (0.919, 1.123) | 0.756 |
| Behavioral skills: Mean (±SD) | 9.8 (±3.8) | 10.0 (3.7) | 9.5 (4.3) | 0.968 (0.873, 1.074) | 0.542 |
| HIV-related Stigma: Mean (±SD) | 2.0 (±0.7) | 1.9 (0.7) | 2.1 (0.7) | 1.429 (0.835, 2.445) | 0.093 |
| Duration of drug use: Mean (±SD) | 24.7 (±9.7) | 25.7 (9.5) | 21.3 (9.6) | 0.952 (0.910, 1.395) | 0.129 |
| Knowledge of partner’s HIV status | |||||
| No | 80 (60.2) | 29 (28.4) | 20 (19.6) | - | - |
| Yes | 53 (39.8) | 46 (45.1) | 7 (6.9) | 0.221 (0.083, 0.587) | 0.002 |
|
HIV transmission risk behaviors | |||||
| Ever injected illicit drug | |||||
| No | 15 (11.3) | 10 (7.5) | 5 (3.8) | - | - |
| Yes | 118 (88.7) | 92 (69.2) | 26 (19.5) | 0.565 (0.177, 1.800) | 0.334 |
| Injected illicit drug (past 30 days) f | n = 118 | ||||
| No | 56 (47.5) | 48 (40.7) | 12 (10.2) | - | - |
| Yes | 62 (52.5) | 44 (37.3) | 14 (11.9) | 1.273 (0.532, 3.047) | 0.588 |
| Shared injection equipment f | n = 62 | ||||
| No | 26 (41.9) | 21 (33.9) | 5 (8.1) | - | - |
| Yes | 36 (58.1) | 24 (38.7) | 12 (19.4) | 2.100 (0.635, 6.947) | 0.224 |
| Multiple sex partner f | |||||
| No | 105 (78.9) | 90 (67.7) | 15 (11.3) | - | - |
| Yes | 28 (21.1) | 12 (9.0) | 16 (12.0) | 8.000 (3.166, 20.212) | <0.001 |
| Consistent condom use f | |||||
| No | 114 (85.7) | 85 (63.9) | 29 (21.8) | - | - |
| Yes | 19 (14.3) | 17 (12.8) | 2 (1.5) | 0.345 (0.075, 1.584) | 0.171 |
a
SD: Standard deviation
b
ART: Antiretroviral therapy
c
Optimal ART adherence: Adherence ≥ 95%
d
Virally suppressed: Viral load < 200 copies/mL
e
Health CD4 count: CD4 count ≥ 500 cells/mm3
f
In the past 30 days
g
Odds ratio
h
Confidence interval