FIGURE 13.

Astrocyte destruction and regeneration in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Sections of the cerebellum showing 9 plaques with different degrees of gliosis and edge activity in a patient with progressive disease and a disease duration of 4 years and 1 month (Case 15, Table 2). Higher magnifications of the edge zone of the newly forming lesion (center left) show numerous small bipolar astrocyte precursors in areas with no large stellate astrocytes (Fig. 14). (A, B: Case 15, Table 2. A: LFB-PAS followed by GFAP immunostaining; B: Immunostained for macrophages [ricinus communis agglutinin-1(RIC)]. A, B: Original magnification: ×2). Reproduced with permission, Prineas JW, Parratt JD. Oligodendrocytes and the early multiple sclerosis lesion. Ann Neurol 2012;72:18–31.