Figure 3.

Transient cognitive impairment in humans and in mice. (A) IEDs interfere with a visual reaction test. Data have been acquired from a 10-year old boy suffering from partial complex seizures, tested during the occurrence of focal interictal discharges. The upper panel shows the rate of missed responses as a function of the distance between the stimulus and the nearest IED. The lower panel shows the latency of the response. Both the rate of missed stimuli and the reaction times increase in a small window around the IED event. Redrawn with data from Shewmon and Erwin (1988a). (B) Amplitude of visual evoked potentials (VEP) recorded in the anesthetized mouse as a function of the distance between the stimulus and the closest IED occurring in the contralateral hemisphere. A bi-directional alteration of the VEP amplitude (highlighted in the yellow area) appears when the stimulus occurs nearby an IED: if the spike precedes the stimulus the response is enhanced, while the contrary happens if the spike follows the stimulus. Reproduced with permission from Petrucco et al. (2017).