Table 3.

Risk of hospitalized heart failure associated with current use of cilostazol and NSAIDs (N = 47,506).

	Number of patients exposed to the medication			Crude odds ratio		Adjusted odds ratio∗
	During case (1–30) period or control period (91–120) (%)	During case (1–30) period but not control period (91–120) (%)	During control period (91–120) but not case period (1–30) (%)	Point estimate	95% C.I.	Point estimate	95% C.I.
Cilostazol	4.50	0.84	0.53	1.57	1.35–1.84	1.35	1.14–1.59
NSAIDs	38.69	16.11	8.32	1.94	1.86–2.01	1.69	1.62–1.76

^∗Conditional logistic regression adjusted for important potential time-varying confounding variables including pioglitazone, metformin, sitagliptin, aspirin, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, diuretics, nitrates, digitalis glycoside, inhaled beta-agonists, inhaled anticholinergics, aminophylline, oral corticosteroids, and systemic antibiotics. Bold values indicate statistical significance; OR, odds ratio, 95% C.I., confidence interval.