Table 1.

Study characteristics

	Year	Country	Range of data set	Evidence level	Data source	Unilateral vs. bilateral	Cardiac complication studied	Follow-up period	Main risk factors studied
Single cohort (TKA or THA) studies
Fu [33]	2017	USA	2005–2 013	III	NSQIP	N/R	CA or MI	30 days	BMI and albumin concentration
Curtis [32]	2018	USA	2008–2014	III	NSQIP	N/R	CA or MI	30 days	Heart failure
Chamieh [35]	2016	USA	2008–2012	III	NSQIP	Unilateral	CA or MI	30 days	Pre-operative anaemia
Godoy [31]	2016	USA	2013–2015	III	Oschsner Clinic	Unilateral	MI or arrhythmia	90 days	Pre-operative ESR and CRP levels
Abdel [29]	2014	USA	2007–2010	II	Joint Replacement Registry	Unilateral	MI	I/H	BMI
Meller [34]	2016	USA	2011–2013	III	Medicare inpatient claims	Unilateral and bilateral	MI	90 days	BMI
Mellerγ [17]	2016	USA	2010–2014	III	Medicare inpatient claims	Unilateral and bilateral	MI	90 days	BMI
Combined (THA and TKA) cohorts
Waterman [12]	2016	USA	2012–2013	III	NSQIP	Unilateral	MI and CA (requiring CPR)	30 days	Age, hypertension and cardiac disease
Robinson [6]	2017	USA	2012–2013	III	NSQIP	N/R	MI or CA	30 days	Gender
Feng [4]	2018	China	2005–2015	III	Hospital Joint Arthroplasty Registry	Unilateral and bilateral	MI or arrhythmia	30 and 90 days	Coronary artery disease and revascularisation
Thornqvist [8]	2014	Denmark	2005–2011	III	Danish National Patient Register and Danish Anaesthesia Register	N/R	MI or cardiac mortality	30 days	BMI
Menendez [11]	2015	USA	2008–2011	III	NIS	N/R	MI	I/H	Elixhauser comorbidity index variables and CAD, COPD, CVA, dementia
Shah [7]	2017	USA	2011–2014	III	NSQIP	N/R	MI or CA	30 days	TKA and THA
Belmont [5]	2014	USA	2006–2011	III	NSQIP	Unilateral	MI or CA	30 days	Many medical comorbidities and patient characteristics
Anoushiravani [30]	2016	USA	2006–2012	III	NIS	N/R	Cardiac complications	I/H	Underweight patients

Study characteristics were collected for each included study, including publication year, country of origin, and data source. Unilateral procedures were distinguished from bilateral procedures when possible and the period of follow-up post-operatively specified. The range of data set encompasses the period in which included arthroplasty procedures were performed, and the specific cardiac complication studied was also included. CA cardiac arrest, MI myocardial infarction, CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation, BMI body mass index, N/R not reported, NSQIP National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database, NIS Nationwide Inpatient Sample, CAD coronary artery disease, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CVA cerebrovascular disease, I/H in-hospital follow up (prior to discharge). γ = This is the only single cohort study that examined THA; the remainder of single cohort studies consisted of TKA