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. 2019 Jan 11;17:22. doi: 10.1186/s12967-019-1767-9

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 5 — Histologic analysis of arteriovenous shunts. Histologic analysis of hematoxylin/eosin stained cross sections of explanted vascular constructs on postoperative day (POD) 5 (a, b), 10 (b, c), and 15 (d, e) show ink-perfused vessel lumina of both saphenous artery (*) and vein (#). Early intramural vessel sprouting was detected within the wall of the saphenous artery (*) on POD 5 (b, black arrow). Neoangiogenesis within the acellular dermal matrix (ADS) surrounding the saphenous vein (#) was clearly visible on POD 10 (blue arrowheads, d). Neoangiogenesis had strongly expanded and surrounded both artery (*) and vein (#) on POD 15 (e, f, blue arrowheads). An accumulation of erythrocytes (E) around the main vessels was seen on POD 10 (c and d)