Table 3.
Summary of Neonicotinoid Concentrations by Organic Major Commodity,1999–2015
| Neonicotinoid | MajorCommod | Total N | N > LOD | Detect Freq % | Mean Conca (ppm) | Min Conc (ppm) | Max Conc (ppm) | Organic commodity with max conc (year, domestic or import and country of origin) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acetamiprid | Fruits | 1175 | 31 | 2.64 | 0.016 | 0.002 | 0.058 | Cherries, frozen; imported 2015 Turkey |
| Vegetables | 2003 | 13 | 0.65 | 0.14 | 0.0017 | 1.60 | bSpinach; domestic 2009 | |
| Meat | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Dairy | 310 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Grain (includes Rice) | 64 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Nuts | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Clothianidin | Fruits | 1087 | 3 | 0.28 | 0.055 | 0.015 | 0.12 | Grapes; domestic 2010 |
| Vegetables | 1963 | 5 | 0.25 | 0.071 | 0.003 | 0.21 | Sweet Bell Peppers; imported 2012 Mexico | |
| Meat | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Dairy | 134 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Grain (includes Rice) | 65 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Nuts | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Dinotefuran | Fruits | 994 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Vegetables | 1264 | 5 | 0.40 | 0.045 | 0.01 | 0.18 | Cherry Tomatoes; imported 2012 Dominican Republic | |
| Meat | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Dairy | 242 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Grain (includes Rice) | 64 | 1 | 1.56 | 0.049 | 0.049 | 0.049 | bRice; domestic 2014 | |
| Nuts | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Flonicamid | Fruits | 1024 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Vegetables | 1681 | 16 | 0.95 | 0.178 | 0.002 | 1.50 | Spinach; domestic 2015 | |
| Meat | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Dairy | 257 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Grain (includes Rice) | 21 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Nuts | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Imidacloprid | Fruits | 1383 | 13 | 0.94 | 0.027 | 0.002 | 0.095 | Cherries; domestic 2007 |
| Vegetables | 2102 | 31 | 1.47 | 0.062 | 0.0002 | 1.50 | bBroccoli; domestic 2013 | |
| Meat | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Dairy | 310 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Grain (includes Rice) | 111 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Nuts | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Thiacloprid | Fruits | 1054 | 27 | 2.56 | 0.043 | 0.006 | 0.098 | Cherries, frozen; imported 2015 Turkey |
| Vegetables | 1224 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Meat | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Dairy | 189 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Grain (includes Rice) | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Nuts | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Thiamethoxam | Fruits | 1258 | 3 | 0.24 | 0.001 | 0.0020 | 0.024 | Strawberries; domestic 2015 |
| Vegetables | 2180 | 6 | 0.28 | 0.018 | 0.0025 | 0.078 | Sweet Bell Peppers; imported 2012 Mexico | |
| Meat | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Dairy | 264 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Grain (includes Rice) | 65 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Nuts | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
aJust among samples above LOD; See Additional file 2 for LODs by year, commodity and neonicotinoid
bMaximum residue concentration among all major commodities of same type