Table 2. Comparison of surgical procedures and complications between operative happy and control group patients.

Variables	Happy	Control	P value
Anterior approach	2.1%	0.0%	0.315
Posterior approach	97.9%	95.7%	0.557
Interbody fusion	72.3%	59.6%	0.192
Decompression	72.3%	63.8%	0.376
Osteotomy	55.3%	63.8%	0.401
LOS (d)	7.45	7.47	0.978
Operative time (min)	383.57	392.64	0.749
Estimated blood loss (cc)	1,571.20	1,869.46	0.303
Cell saver	573.84	681.38	0.393
Reoperation rate	23.4%	27.7%	0.407
Perioperative complication	31.9%	57.4%	0.011*
Intraoperative complication	29.8%	31.9%	0.500
Major complications	23.4%	31.9%	0.245
Minor complications	46.8%	53.2%	0.340
Overall complications	68.1%	83.0%	0.075

*, indicate significant P<0.05. LOS, length of stay; cc, cubic centimeter.