Table 1.

Descriptive Statistics of Predictor and Control Measures by Gender

	Females				Males
Baseline sample size	N = 3,469				N = 3,020
Follow-up sample size	N = 2,854				N = 2,429
Total sample loss (percent of baseline)	N = 615 (18%)				N = 591 (20%)
Death	N = 183 (5%)				N = 239 (8%)
Refusala	N = 432 (12%)				N = 352 (12%)
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Gender difference
High school IQ (normalized)	−0.01	0.98	0.01	1.02	NS
Baseline years of educationb	13.30	1.99	14.01	2.53	t(5711) = 12.40***
Employment status
Employed–employed (reference)	36%		48%		χ2(3) = 271.14***
Unemployed–unemployed	17%		5%
Employed–unemployed	43%		46%
Unemployed–employed	4%		1%
Marital status
Married–married (reference)	66%		78%		χ2(4) = 156.63***
Married–not married	10%		4%
Not married–not married	17%		10%
Not married–married	2%		3%
Multiple marriage transitions	4%		5%
Baseline income (1000’s) loggedb	3.43	1.45	3.91	1.20	t(6472) = 14.38***
Experienced debt	6%		9%		χ2(1) = 15.94***
Baseline attended religious services	88%		82%		χ2(1) = 38.83***
Baseline good health	89%		89%		NS
Experienced major medical diagnosis	21%		27%		χ2(1) = 24.58***
Hospitalized year prior to follow-up	11%		15%		χ2(1) = 12.64***
Baseline exceeded CES-D cutoff	15%		10%		χ2(1) = 28.22***
Baseline history of lifetime alcohol-related problems	20%		32%		χ2(1) = 111.85***

^*p < 0.05,

^**p < 0.01,

^***p < 0.001

^aIncludes cases with incomplete data.

^bSatterthwaite estimated degrees of freedom for unequal variances.