Skip to main content
. 2018 Oct-Dec;17(4):196–202. doi: 10.4103/aam.aam_63_17

Table 2.

The comparison of biochemical characteristics and blood pressures among males and females before and after Ramadan (n=1246)

Blood investigations Mean±SD Change (after-before) (95% CI) P

After Ramadan Before Ramadan
Vitamin D 25-OH
 Male 20.70±10.74 19.11±10.50 1.59 (1.59-1.40) <0.001
 Female 21.20±10.82 19.64±10.56 1.56 (1.43-1.68) <0.001
Blood glucose (mmol/L)
 Male 7.18±1.17 9.14±2.10 −1.95 (−2.098-−1.81) <0.001
 Female 7.39±1.09 9.82±2.03 −2.43 (−2.56-−2.94) <0.001
HbA1c
 Male 7.54±1.13 8.77±1.20 −1.23 (−1.34-−1.12) <0.001
 Female 7.40±1.09 9.21±1.13 −1.81 (−1.93-−1.69) <0.001
Calcium (mmol/L)
 Male 4.03±1.70 3.05±1.97 0.97 (0.17-1.78) 0.018
 Female 3.72±1.91 3.02±2.58 0.70 (0.22-1.17) 0.004
Urea (mmol/L)
 Male 5.39±2.17 5.61±3.14 −0.22 (−0.49-0.37) 0.092
 Female 4.94±1.59 5.11±2.09 −0.17 (−0.35-−0.02) 0.076
Creatinine (mmol/L)
 Male 72.09±32.88 70.35±29.19 1.73 (0.11-3.36) 0.036
 Female 67.27±34.45 64.55±27.75 2.72 (1.14-4.29) 0.010
Bilirubin (mmol/L)
 Male 7.72±3.63 8.64±3.01 −0.92 (−1.45-−0.39) <0.001
 Female 7.50±3.63 8.56±2.04 −1.05 (−1.55-−0.55) <0.001
Albumin (mmol/L)
 Male 38.13±4.46 40.47±4.79 −3.44 (−3.85-−3.03) <0.001
 Female 36.82±3.93 40.47±3.93 −3.66 (−4.10-−3.19) <0.001
Cholesterol (mmol/L)
 Male 3.22±1.21 4.75±1.07 −1.52 (−1.62-−1.42) <0.001
 Female 3.27±1.23 4.81±0.98 −1.54 (−1.64-−1.44) <0.001
Triglycerides (mmol/L)
 Male 1.52±0.46 1.63±0.75 −0.11 (−0.17-−0.33) <0.001
 Female 1.51±0.42 1.64±0.71 −0.12 (−0.27-−0.20) <0.001
HDL-C (mmol/L)
 Male 1.06±0.21 1.08±0.28 −0.02 (−0.04-−0.03) 0.068
 Female 1.07±0.20 1.09±0.27 −0.02 (−0.04-−0.01) 0.021
LDL-C (mmol/L)
 Male 2.00±0.89 1.82±0.97 0.19 (−0.24-−0.06) 0.001
 Female 2.07±0.84 1.94±0.80 0.13 (−0.21-−0.08) 0.077
Uric acid (mmol/L)
 Male 283.9±89.3 269.1±72.7 14.10 (6.61-21.6) <0.001
 Female 286.5±88.9 272.2±65.5 14.4 (7.30-21.5) <0.001
SBP (mmHg)
 Male 128.5±14.4 135.4±14.6 −6.5 (−7.45-−5.54) 0.010
 Female 128.9±14.2 136.1±15.1 −7.3 (−8.16-−6.44) <0.001
DBP (mmHg)
 Male 76.7±9.9 78.3±8.7 −2.4 (−3.5-−1.35) 0.018
 Female 78.1±8.5 78.8±8.5 −0.75 (−1.67-−1.69) 0.004
BMI
 Male 26.54±4.15 28.00±4.32 −1.46 (−1.52-−1.39) <0.001
 Female 25.93±4.00 27.42±4.20 −1.49 (−1.55-−1.40) <0.001

Two-sided P values based on pair t-test. SD=Standard deviation, BMI=Body mass index, 25-OH=25-hydroxy, HDL-C=High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, LDL-C=Low-density lipoprotein- cholesterol, SBP=Systolic blood pressure, DBP=Diastolic blood pressure, HbA1c=Glycated hemoglobin, CI=Confidence interval