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Saxagliptin, a DPP4 inhibitor represses Smad2 phosphorylation induced by activin. HEK293T cells were pre-treated for 1 hour with DPP4 inhibitors as indicated and subsequently incubated for 3 hours with or without activin (20 ng/ml), and harvested for Western blotting. Smad2 is a loading control.
