Table 1.
Small-molecule inhibitors of ZIKV confirmed in mice.
| Inhibitor | Dose | Effects | Mice | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| INHIBITORS OF VIRAL RNA REPLICATION AND TRANSLATION | ||||
| Sofosbuvir | 20 mg/kg/day; 50 mg/kg/day | Reduced viremia, doubled the survival time, prevented neuromotor impairment and loss of memory, blocked vertical transmission | Swiss albino, SJL | Ferreira et al., 2017; Mesci et al., 2018 |
| Temoporfin | 1 mg/kg | Reduced viremia, protected against lethal challenge | BALB/C, A129 | Sacramento et al., 2017 |
| 7-deaza-2′-C-methyladenosine | 50 mg/kg/day | Delayed virus-induced disease progression, reduced viral RNA load | AG129 | Zmurko et al., 2016 |
| BCX4430 | 300mg/kg/day | Significantly improved survival when treatment was initiated during the peak of viremia | AG129 | Julander et al., 2017 |
| Ribavirin | 500 mg/kg/day | Moderately reduced viremia, prolonged survival | STAT-1 KO | Kamiyama et al., 2017. |
| NITD008 | 50 mg/kg | Protected against lethal challenge, protected against neurological symptoms | A129 | Deng et al., 2016 |
| NSC157058 | 30 mg/kg/day | Reduced viral load in the blood | SJL | Shiryaev et al., 2017 |
| Novobiocin | 100 mg/kg 1dpi, 13dpi | Higher survival rate (100 vs. 0%), lower mean blood and tissue viral loads, and less severe histopathological changes | BALB/c mice | Yuan et al., 2017 |
| Emetine | 2 mg/kg/da | Reduced viral titer in blood plasma of SJL mice, reduced serum viral load in Ifnar1−/−, reduced NS1 protein and ZIKV RNA in serum and liver | SJL, A129 | Yang et al., 2018 |
| Cephaeline | 2 mg/kg/day | |||
| INHIBITORS OF THE VIRUS-HOST CELL INTERACTIONS | ||||
| Peptide Z2 | 10 mg/kg | Decreased viremia, blocked vertical transmission, protected against lethal challenge | A129, AG6 | Li et al., 2017b |
| INHIBITORS OF AUTOPHAGY AND MEMBRANE FUSION | ||||
| Chloroquine | 40 mg/kg/day; 50 mg/kg/day | Inhibited autophagy; decreased placental infection; attenuated mortality, blocked vertical transmission | A129, SJL | Cao et al., 2017; Shiryaev et al., 2017; Watanabe et al., 2017 |
| 25-Hydroxycholesterol | 50 mg/kg | Reduced viremia, enhanced survival, inhibited infection and microcephaly in Fetal mice | A129 | Li et al., 2017a |
A129 mice lack the receptor for IFN-α/β (type I interferon), STAT-1 KO have impaired type I interferon singling, AG129 mice lack receptors for IFN-α/β as well as receptors for IFN-γ (type II interferon), Swiss albino, BALB/C and SJL mice are interferon-competent.