Table 5.
Multivariable-adjusted ORs and 95% CIs for the associations between sugar/carbohydrate intake and risk of developing Barrett’s esophagus by BE segment length among 413 cases and 492 controls from two U.S. case-control studies (pooled approach, based on study-specific medians)
| Short-segment BE(<3cm) |
Long-segment BE (≥3cm) |
P-valuef |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measure | Controls (N) | Cases (N) | OR (95%CI) | Cases (N) | OR (95%CI) | |
| Free Glucose (g/day)a | ||||||
| <median | 236 | 116 | Ref. | 96 | Ref. | |
| ≥median | 245 | 117 | 1.23 (0.83-1.83) | 65 | 0.74 (0.47-1.16) | 0.04 |
| Sucrose (g/day)a | ||||||
| <median | 239 | 98 | Ref. | 91 | Ref. | |
| ≥median | 242 | 135 | 1.70 (1.12-2.58) | 70 | 0.82 (0.51-1.31) | <0.01 |
| Free fructose (g/day)a | ||||||
| <median | 238 | 118 | Ref. | 91 | Ref. | |
| ≥median | 243 | 115 | 1.21 (0.82-1.79) | 70 | 0.92 (0.59-1.43) | 0.27 |
| Total Sugar (g/day)a | ||||||
| <median | 237 | 102 | Ref. | 95 | Ref. | |
| ≥median | 244 | 131 | 1.57 (1.03-2.39) | 66 | 0.72 (0.45-1.17) | <0.01 |
| Added Sugar (g/day)b | ||||||
| <median | 237 | 96 | Ref. | 78 | Ref. | |
| ≥median | 239 | 135 | 1.50 (0.99-2.26) | 83 | 0.95 (0.60-1.50) | 0.07 |
| Starch (g/day)a | ||||||
| <median | 237 | 99 | Ref. | 91 | Ref. | |
| ≥median | 244 | 134 | 1.65 (1.05-2.58) | 70 | 0.76 (0.45-1.26) | <0.01 |
| Total Carbohydrate (g/day)a | ||||||
| <median | 236 | 102 | Ref. | 96 | Ref. | |
| ≥median | 245 | 131 | 1.72 (1.07-2.77) | 65 | 0.63 (0.37-1.10) | <0.01 |
| Glycemic Indexc | ||||||
| <median | 244 | 108 | Ref. | 86 | Ref. | |
| ≥median | 232 | 123 | 1.06 (0.75-1.50) | 75 | 0.90 (0.60-1.33) | 0.44 |
| Glycemic Loada | ||||||
| <median | 236 | 99 | Ref. | 104 | Ref. | |
| ≥median | 245 | 134 | 1.76 (1.10-2.82) | 57 | 0.42 (0.24-0.74) | 0.01 |
| All Sweetened Desserts/Beverages (servings/day)d | ||||||
| <median | 236 | 104 | Ref. | 79 | Ref. | |
| ≥median | 241 | 127 | 1.22 (0.84-1.75) | 82 | 1.04 (0.68-1.57) | 0.51 |
| Sweetened Desserts (servings/day)b | ||||||
| <median | 238 | 91 | Ref. | 81 | Ref. | |
| ≥median | 238 | 140 | 1.81 (1.20-2.71) | 80 | 1.08 (0.69-1.68) | 0.04 |
| Sweetened Beverages (servings/day)e | ||||||
| <median | 245 | 104 | Ref. | 78 | Ref. | |
| ≥median | 246 | 144 | 1.48 (1.05-2.11) | 87 | 1.27 (0.85-1.89) | 0.47 |
Adjusted for age, sex, study indicator, fruit/vegetable intake, GERD frequency, and total energy intake
Adjusted for age, sex, race, study indicator, BMI, fruit/vegetable intake, GERD frequency, and total energy intake
Adjusted for age, sex, study indicator, BMI, fruit/vegetable intake, GERD frequency, and total energy intake
Adjusted for age, sex, study indicator, BMI, fruit/vegetable intake, and total energy intake
Adjusted for age, sex, race, study indicator, fruit/vegetable intake, and total energy intake
P value for Wald test of equality of effect across the different outcome types