Table 1. Participant characteristics by sleep duration at 8-13 gestational weeks and 16-22 gestational weeks, the NICHD Fetal Growth Studies-Singleton Cohort (2009-2013).
| Sleep duration at 8-13 Gestational Weeks | Sleep duration at 16-22 Gestational Weeks | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Over all | 5-6 hours | 7 hours | 8-9 hours | ≥10 hours | P* | Over all | 5-6 hours | 7 hours | 8-9 hours | ≥10 hours | P* |
| 2581 | (16%) | (14.7%) | (44.8%) | (24.4%) | 2530 | (15.4%) | (20.8%) | (49.1%) | (14.7%) | |||
| Age | 28.1 (5.5) | 28.5 (5.5) | 29.4 (5.3) | 28.5 (5.3) | 26.5 (5.6) | <0.0001 | 28.2 (5.5) | 28.8 (5.5) | 29.5 (5.2) | 28.2 (5.4) | 25.5 (5.4) | <0.0001 |
| Race/ethnicity | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 27.2 | 22.5 | 31.3 | 34.0 | 15.4 | 27.7 | 19.7 | 36.5 | 31.2 | 11.6 | ||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 27.7 | 38.0 | 23.9 | 19.4 | 28.5 | 27.6 | 40.3 | 20.2 | 22 | 43.3 | ||
| Hispanic | 28.7 | 27.4 | 25.0 | 28.5 | 32.3 | 28.6 | 27.4 | 23.2 | 29.7 | 33.6 | ||
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 16.3 | 12.1 | 19.7 | 17.9 | 13.8 | 16.2 | 12.6 | 20.2 | 17.1 | 11.6 | ||
| Education | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||||||||
| Less than high school | 11.4 | 11.1 | 8.2 | 9.9 | 16.2 | 11.3 | 11.3 | 5.3 | 10.5 | 22.3 | ||
| High- school graduate or equivalent | 18.4 | 21.6 | 10.8 | 16.7 | 24.1 | 18.3 | 18.5 | 11.2 | 18.4 | 28.0 | ||
| More than high school | 70.2 | 67.3 | 81.1 | 73.4 | 59.8 | 70.4 | 70.3 | 83.5 | 71.2 | 49.7 | ||
| Married/living with a partner | 74.4 | 69.0 | 79.5 | 79.6 | 65.2 | <0.0001 | 74.4 | 68.6 | 80.8 | 78.3 | 58.1 | <0.0001 |
| Nulliparity | 46.8 | 35.3 | 39.5 | 48.3 | 55.9 | <0.0001 | 47.0 | 35.1 | 46.6 | 50.0 | 49.7 | <0.0001 |
| Smoking before pregnancy | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.52 | 0.6 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.26 |
| Family history of diabetes | 21.8 | 28.7 | 22.9 | 19.7 | 20.5 | 0.002 | 21.8 | 23.4 | 20.4 | 21.8 | 21.9 | 0.75 |
| Alcoholic beverage consumption before pregnancy | 64.6 | 62.2 | 71 | 66 | 59.8 | 0.002 | 64.8 | 62.1 | 73.2 | 64.5 | 57.0 | <0.0001 |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI,kg/m2 | 25.5 (5.2) | 26.3 (5.8) | 25.1 (5.0) | 25.2 (5.0) | 25.5 (5.2) | 0.001 | 25.5 (5.2) | 26.1 (5.5) | 25.2 (5.3) | 25.3 (5.1) | 25.8 (5.4) | 0.016 |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI categories | 0.03 | 0.02 | ||||||||||
| 17.87-24.99 kg/m2 | 56.4 | 51.0 | 59.4 | 57.6 | 56.0 | 56.5 | 51.2 | 60.8 | 57.2 | 53.5 | ||
| 25.0 -29.99 kg/m2 | 26.5 | 27.1 | 26.8 | 26.7 | 25.4 | 26.3 | 27.9 | 23.7 | 27.2 | 25.5 | ||
| 30.00-48.83 kg/m2 | 17.1 | 21.9 | 13.8 | 15.7 | 18.7 | 17.2 | 20.9 | 15.5 | 15.6 | 20.9 | ||
| Need day nap during | ||||||||||||
| corresponding weeks | ||||||||||||
| Most of the time | 42.9 | 41.0 | 34.0 | 35.4 | 63.4 | <0.0001 | 20.8 | 27.2 | 13.9 | 15.0 | 43.7 | <0.0001 |
| Sometimes | 37.6 | 39.1 | 38.7 | 42.0 | 27.7 | 35.6 | 31 | 33.5 | 38.2 | 35 | ||
| Rarely or never | 19.5 | 19.9 | 27.4 | 22.6 | 8.9 | 43.5 | 41.8 | 52.7 | 46.9 | 21.3 | ||
| Gestational age during interview (weeks) | 12.7 (1.0) | 12.7 (0.9) | 12.8 (0.9) | 12.7 (1.0) | 12.6 (1.0) | 0.03 | 19.7 (2.4) | 19.7 (2.4) | 20.1 (2.5) | 19.7 (2.4) | 19.4 (2.4) | 0.001 |
| Caffeinated beverages consumed (cups) | 0.41 (0.8) | 0.46 (0.9) | 0.33 (0.7) | 0.36 (0.7) | 0.37 (0.9) | 0.08 | 0.41 (0.8) | 0.43 (0.8) | 0.40 (0.7) | 0.40 (0.8) | 0.44 (0.9) | 0.8 |
Data are presented as % for categorical variables and mean (SD) for continuous variables.
*
P values for differences in participant characteristics across categories of sleep duration were obtained by χ2 test for categorical variables and one way -ANOVA for continuous variables.
GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus