Figure 5.

Challenges in tractography include bottle-necks and ambiguities cause by the ill-posed nature of tractography. (A) Example invalid bundles consistently identified in a majority of submissions, where tractography cannot differentiate the valid pathways due to the high amount of possible connections through a bottle-neck region. (B) For example, in the temporal lobe, six ground truth bundles converge in a parallel manner, resulting in more valid bundles per voxel than the number of unique peak directions, contributing to the tracking ambiguity. Reproduced and modified from Maier-Hein et al. (2017) under a Create Commons license from Nature Publishing Group.